Renaissance period

In the Renaissance period, there had been evidence that mentally people did already exist. In this period, the beliefs which mainly came from the Middle Ages were dragged into renaissance period. This is the ideology that people under mental disorder or people who are mentally ill are those who were casted by or cursed by evil spirits (Administrator, 2006).Certain people under this kind of disorder where locked away during this time, they are being placed in cells and they are not being taken care of by any physicians. These people are said to be tortured instead of being cured, they are often being locked up inside the closets and even in cages because of their being disobedient caused by their unknown mental disorder (Administrator, 2006).On the year 1493-1541 Paracelsus had this ideology that mental illness is not really cause by evil spirits but then people during this time did not took his idea as merely fact and instead the people continued the way on how they treat mentally di sordered ones.It is explained that people with this kind of problem during the renaissance time only talk and interact with people of their same disorder. It is because they are the ones who are considered dangerous and incompetent (Administrator, 2006).As a result to lack of care and attention for seeking cure, people who are mentally ill during the renaissance period are experiencing difficulties which cause their mental health to be more of a problem because instead of being reversed, they become more mentally ill (Administrator, 2006).The cruel treatments such as torture for the mentally ill people were lessened during the 17th century where the first mental hospital was established in England. People in this ward were viewed like animals in the zoo during this time and there were no further studies made to cure such mental problem until the mid 18th century (Administrator, 2006).References Administrator.(2006).History[ElectronicVersion]from http://www.afunnyfarm.org.uk/index.ph p?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=18&Itemid=39.

Advanced topics

In general, these challenges relate to identifying, evaluating, and making tradeoffs across national, organizational, and personal contexts. Thus, we will discuss formulation- and implementation-related challenges as well as generate solutions to ‘international marketing dilemmas. Learning Methods: Case discussion; Role plays; Mini-debates; Mini-lectures Assessment methods: Class participation; Case presentation; Final exam CLOI . Understand the international marketing environment; Contemplate and analyze international marketing opportunities.CL02. Gain an understanding of international marketing effort related to the market entry and marketing mix strategies CL03. Identify, interpret and evaluate information sources related to multinational marketing with the emphasis on information technologies (Internet). CL04. Understand the principles of global retail management, such as site location, environmental impacts on retail planning and execution, global sourcing, and others. CL0 5. Develop critical thinking ability and problem-solving skills through experiential learning.CL06. Expand creative, research, analytical and writing skills by developing a comprehensive analysis of an international marketing program. COURSE TOOLS To fulfill our course objectives, we will rely on several tools: 1) case studies, 2) readings, 3) small-group projects, 4) multi-media, and 5) mint-lectures. There is no textbook for this course. Instead, you must obtain a course packet containing cases and readings. Please contact the Program office for more information. It is your responsibility to access the course material.COURSE ASSESSMENT Class participation Individual effort Presentations Group effort; Maximum group size = 8 persons Final Exam Group effort; Maximum group size = 4 persons 25% of the final grade 50% of the final grade a) Class participation. Class participation refers to making relevant and meaningful discussion that enhances the quality of our class meetings. Thus, t he content (i. e. , what? ) as well as the process (i. e. , how? ) of discussion are important. Class participation should not be confused with â€Å"air time. † We are interested in your arguments and, importantly, the Justification you offer in their support.Since there are no right or wrong answers, you will not be graded on whether you agree or disagree with the majority. Your failure to participate penalizes all of us. For example, i) you deprive us of your insights, ‘i) your opinions and ideas go unevaluated and unscrutinized, and iii) you lose an opportunity to develop important business skills. Unless there are truly extenuating circumstances, there will not be any make-up assignments in lieu of class participation and/or absences. Participation also includes your involvement in small-group exercises (e. . , mint-presentations, role play, resentation of assigned readings, and so on) as well as unannounced quizzes and assignments. We shall pursue such diversions whenever I feel they are necessary. Given this broad definition of participation, I strongly urge you to be fully prepared for every class. Details of small-group exercises will be announced when they are undertaken. In general, group assignments will be graded on the quality of your output and defensibility of your position. b) Case presentation. Each group must present a case study.All presentations involve a 25-minute oral presentation plus question-answer time. You must provide e with a legible copy of your overheads prior to the presentation. If appropriate, you may distribute case-related material to our class. Each group must sign-up for cases on a first-come-first-served basis. After sign-up, each group should confer with me as early as possible to identify the case decision/issue. Since no two cases are identical, the nature of my assistance will vary. Nonetheless, all assistance shall be related to a specific case and the discussion topic that the case aims to reinforce.Yo u must not research the case decision in preparing tor the presentation (or discussion). This is because such ex post information would not be available to a case protagonist when s/he was confronted with that particular case decision. Previous experience has repeatedly shown that gathering ex post information to reach a case decision is detrimental to the case presentation grade. Be creative in your presentation. Refer to the ‘Guide to Persuasive Presentations' reading. The use of standard analytical frameworks (e. g. SWOT) may be convenient, but contributes to a very dull and boring presentation. Keep your presentation interesting to engage the audience and retain their interest and attention. Regardless of your approach, a holistic presentation typically contains the following material. Of course, you can include other relevant slide(s) containing information you need to support/explain/articulate your analysis. Such slides should be inserted wherever appropriate. Slide-I: Names [Presentation case and group members], Slide-2: Issues [What is the case all about (e. g. , Effects of Globalization, and so on)? , Slide-3: Decision [Specific question(s) to which the decision-maker needs an answer], Slide-4: Cause [Fundamental reason(s) prompting the need to make the above ecision], Slide-5: External Analysis [Detailed analysis of context-specific factors, if any], Slide-6: Internal Analysis [Detailed analysis of company-specific factors, if any], Slide-7: Managerial Preferences [Detailed analysis of management preferences, if any], Slide-8: Options [Detailed discussion of the pros/cons of each feasible option], Slide-9: Recommendation [Selected option and Justification for its choice]. 3 c) Final exam.The principal objective of the final exam is to promote your ability to synthesize your analysis† and our class discussion†of case studies and assigned readings. Your task is to clearly establish key takeaways that would help companies fulfill thei r international marketing agenda efficiently as well as effectively. Thus, these assignments require you to generate keen insights about how companies can compete in markets around the world. Note, the exam does not ask for a case summary or even your recommendations for solving a case. Likewise, the exam does not ask for a summary or critique of the reading.Another objective is to improve your written communication skills. Here, your task is to articulate your synthesis such that your intended message is communicated both concisely and coherently. Your goal should be to convince readers that the key takeaways you identified are indeed significant for competing in markets around the world. Given that the exam will be a â€Å"small† group effort, each group will be required to evaluate the contributions of its individual members. These contributions will be used to weigh the (group) grade for individuals in that group.Thus, depending upon his/her contribution, a individual may receive a higher or lower score than that earned on the graded assignment. Each response to a case study or assigned reading will be graded on a 15-point scale using the following criteria. Each criteria is worth 3 points: 1) Editorial considerations (e. g. , Grammar, spelling and punctuation, clarity of writing etc. ); 2) Format (Maximum 250 words per response, Times font, Size 12 font); 3) Connection between your response and the case or the reading (Is your response tied to the case/article you are responding to?Or is your response so general that it could be developed without access to the specific case/reading? ); 4) Lessons learned (How insightful are your takeaways? Are your thoughts expressed adequately, completely, and articulately? Does your response indicate a thorough nderstanding of the case issues/readings theme? ); 5) Significance of your responses (Why should anyone pay attention to your takeaways? What is it about them that should encourage others to read the case/ assigned reading?How do these responses facilitate a sophisticated grasp of competing in EMs? ). COURSE FORMAT 1 . The course will consists of nine 3-hour blocks (see next section) which comprise of various classroom activities such as mint-lectures, case discussion, and so on. 2. Our meetings will focus on conceptual and theoretical issues blended with examples and illustrations from actual cases. These meetings will follow an interactive seminar format. Consequently, attendance and participation (questions/ comments/ criticisms) in class discussions is critical.COURSE PLAN Class Topic Material [R] = Reading [C] = Casestudy Opening remarks & Course overview: Contemporary Challenges in International Marketing [R] Note on Case Analysis [R] Guide to Persuasive presentations Contemplating International Expansion: Developing a Framework to Evaluate Tradeoffs [R] Distance Still Matters†¦ [C] Ruth's Chris Ethics in Marketing: When in Rome†¦ and [R] Ethical Breakdowns [C] Medica l Equipment 4 t Help or Hinder? Global Sourcing ; Business Models: Do Benefits Justify the Costs? [R] Strategy ; Society†¦ C] IKEA'S Global sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs & Child Labor (A) 5 Developing Business Models for ‘Poor' Countries: Marketing to the Bottom of the Pyramid [R] Is the Bottom of the Pyramid Really for You? [C] Making Waves in Rural Kenya 6 Ethnic Marketing: Are Strong Ties and Entrepreneurship Sufficient? 7 Are Brands an Asset or Liability? : Brand Equity Versus Market Size 8 Dynamics of Luxury Marketing in Developing Economies: National Environments & Consumer Behavior Social Media Marketing: How Much Does it Really Matter?R] Advertisings New Medium: Human Experience [C] Pan Boricua [R] The Chinese Negotiation [C] Majestica Hotel in Shanghai [R] Harnessing the Science of Persuasion [C] Louis Vuitton in India [R] The Global Entrepreneur [C] saltnasear 9 CASE DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Case: Ruth's Chris: The High Stakes of International Expansion a) What di d Hannah do to make a first cut in the list of potential countries? How did he get from 200 to less than 35 potential new markets? Which variables seemed more important in his decision-making? Which unused variables might have been useful? ) What would be your choice for the top 5 opportunities? The top 10 opportunities? What equation did you use to reach that conclusion? Why? c) Hannah was focused on franchising as his mode of entry. Do the critical variables change if a different mode of entry is employed? d) What are some of the internal and external challenges Hannah will face in moving from a list to actually opening the restaurants? Case: Medical Equipment Inc. in Saudi Arabia a) Is bribery or corruption a problem in your country? Why is it a problem? Give some examples. ) Does Grover understand the local culture? Is it possible such situations are Just cross- cultural misunderstandings? If so, does the â€Å"problem† become a less serious issue for international expans ion by firms operating in foreign environments? Grover considers the option of sending A1 Humaidi to a Medical Equipment showroom in France or the United States? How does that compare to paying a bribe to A1 Humaidi? d) If you were Grover, what would you do? How would you Justify your actions to: i) your self, it) your boss, iii) your competitors, and iv) government regulators?Case: IKEA's Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (A) a) How should Marianne Barner respond to the invitation for IKEA to have a epresentative appear on the upcoming broadcast ot the German video program? What actions should she take regarding the IKEA supply contract with Rangan Exports? c) What long-term strategy would you suggest she take regarding IKEA's continuing operation in India? Should the company stay or should it exit? Be prepared to discuss the impact of such a decision and how you would manage it.For those recommending that IKEA continue to source carpets in India, would you sug gest that Marianne: i) continue IKEA's own monitoring and control processes or sign-up with Rugmark? , ii) continue to focus only on eliminating the use of child labor n IKEA's supply chain or engage in broader action to address the root causes of child labor as Save the Children is urging? Case: Making Waves in Rural Kenya What key consumer needs must be considered and to what extent are these currently being satisfied? b) Discuss the key stakeholders in this case and the role that each plays in the consumer's problem-solving process.What possible consumer segments exist for the proposed WaterHarvester? Who should be the primary target? How would you position the WaterHarvester to your possible target market(s)? e) As Hermann, what specific action plan would you recommend to FTC? Case: Pan Boricua: Developing a Market Strategy for the Hispanic Market in the United States a) Develop an opportunity analysis/ marketing plan for exporting goods to a region where locals (Puerto Ricans) are in exile in the US but still nostalgically looking for goods associated with their homeland such as Pan Boricua / Los Cidrines-branded bread in their neighborhood stores and supermarkets.Take into consideration the legal issues involved. Case: Majestica Hotel in Shanghai How many issues require resolution between Majestica and CPS? As Majestica, where, if anywhere, would you make concessions? As CPS, if Majestica refuses to make concessions, will you walk away? Why? Louis Vuitton in India Does a high-end brand have a market in a low-income economy? Where should this high-end brand find its niche? How should a luxury-brand company deal with changing customer profile? How should a luxury-brand company deal with changing concepts of luxury?Case: SalinaBear: Monetizing a YouTube Profile Visit the SalinaBear YouTube channel and view some of Siu's video's. Assess SalinaBear's success. Has Siu been successful because of good luck and timing or due to her careful and shrewd assessment o f the marketplace? What factors have ontributed to the site's growth? b) How does YouTube work in terms of monetizing videos? What critical success factors are associated with monetizing videos through YouTube? Siu maintains that content, findability, and audience are her key success factors? Do you agree?Are there other key success factors she has neglected? c) Which option†if any†should Siu pursue? NOTE ON COURSE READINGS The assigned readings have been carefully chosen to enhance your learning as well as facilitate a more sophisticated grasp of course topics. Moreover, the readings will form a part of final exam (that is worth 50% of the final course grade). Hence, I strongly urge you to carefully/regularly study and discuss all readings. The following guidelines should help you maximize your learning: a) Identify the readings main ideas and arguments. What is the readings core thesis? ) Try to establish a connection between the readings core thesis and the case study which is paired with the reading. To do this, identify the case studys dominant theme: What specific decision does the case require you to make? Broadly, what is the case study really about? c) Ask yourself how the reading can help the case studys decision maker. Uncover all ideas/concepts/suggestions contained in the reading that could benefit the decision maker. Does the article contain problem-solving principles/approaches you can leverage? Can you see interrelationships?How can the article's content help you to generate a managerially usable framework? Can you link main elements of arguments to form a bigger/better picture? And so on. d) Play around with the above thoughts, and let them simmer for a few days so that you can better distill their essence as well as link them to the case study. e) Be creative. Try to develop the big picture without being too general or vague. Ask yourself whether insights generated from a reading could be derived without having readi a yes then yo u need to think/tocus more caretully on the reading. ) Discuss your thoughts/ideas with your group members and peers. Rarely will a reading provide you with a straightforward guidance regarding a case study! g) Revisit your initial responses, and update your thinking. h) Leverage your brain power to generate a workable solution to a issue/problem/challenge facing a decision maker. i) Yes, this is a difficult exercise. Yes, it can†and has been†done!

How effective is the ending to The Great Gatsby?

The conclusion of Nick's account of his experiences ends in chapter 9. The final section, on pages 148-9 is a very effective and evocative ending to the novel. It is rich with metaphorical representations which Fitzgerald deliberately implements in order to create emotion and an intricately intimate aura in order for the reader (back in the time of publication) to identify and understand the ‘big picture' behind the plot. The green light that has been mentioned further emphasises Gatsby's greatest attribute – his ability to dream and hope. It symbolises his obsessive limerence with his beloved Daisy, but Nick points out that Gatsby ‘did not know that it was already behind him†¦ ‘, in that his visions and aspirations (as well as the symbolism of the green light), go far beyond only Daisy. This possibly indicates the fact that Gatsby hasn't realised the extent of his progression to be as close to Daisy as possible (until she takes a tour of his house), which is referred to by Nick (â€Å"He had come a long way to this blue lawn†¦ †). Nick relates the green light, with all its connotations, to the first Dutch sailors who visited America for the first time. He pictured the ‘fresh, green breast of the New World' (and how it must have looked like to the Dutch sailors who stumbled upon it, without any industrial pollution or buildings (as it used to be called New Amsterdam before NYC)) as the green light, and muses that Gatsby – whose wealth and success so closely echoes the American Dream – failed to realise that the dream had already ended; that his goals had become hollow and empty. The Dutch envisioned it as a land of freedom and equality, where no one is judged and everyone can have a fresh new start; a place for dreamers such as Gatsby. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us†¦ ‘ conclude the novel and find Nick returning to the theme of the importance of the past to the dreams of the future (represented as the green light). He focuses on the struggle of humans to achieve their goals by both transcending and re-creating the past (as observed in Gatsby, â€Å"can't repeat the past?†¦ why of course you can! † and it is Gatsby's mindset which makes it one of the reasons Nick calls him The ‘Great' Gatsby). Just as Americans have given American meaning through their dreams for their own lives (i. e. the American Dream), Gatsby instills Daisy with a kind of idealised perfection (i. e. he built her up to be this perfect ‘goddess' over the years†¦ ) that she neither deserves nor possesses (†¦ which crumbles the climax as she isn't all he perceived). Gatsby's dream is ‘already behind him somewhere' as it is ruined by the unworthiness of its object (i. e. Daisy), against contrasted with the American dream and its mythical presence in the 1920s also ruined by the unworthiness of its objects (i. . money, pleasure, etc. ). In the final sentence of the novel, it is metaphorically conveyed that humans are not able to move beyond the past, as the ‘current' draws them backwards, making their efforts of rowing towards the metaphorical representations of the green light futile. The past I describe functions as the source of their ideas fuelling their future (epitomised by Gatsby's affair with Daisy pre-war) and they can't escape it as they continue to struggle to transform their dreams into reality. While they never lose their optimism (â€Å"tomorrow we will run faster†¦ ), their energy is expended in pursuit of a goal that moves ever farther away. This metaphor characterises both Gatsby's struggle and the American dream as well. Nick's words register neither blind approval nor cynical disillusionment but rather the respectful melancholy that he ultimately bring to his study of Gatsby's life. The umpteen frequency of Gatsby's party also relate to the connotations of the green light in some ways. Most of the guests that attended his parties weren't invited, as they came ‘for the party with a simplicity of heart that was its own ticket of admission'. The taxi driver that passed Gatsby's domain may have had a story of his own to explain events. This is in fact the procedure that most of the characters in the novel are involved in (including Nick). They're spreading around rumours and stories around the objects and events in their world in order to make a sense of them, as he cultivated mystery, Gatsby provided a singularly rich focus for speculation, scrutiny and invention (he continues to do so after his death, too). His engagement with the past is vividly rendered in this passage through the strength of his imagination summoning up the parties, in both visual and auditory terms. Fitzgerald portrays the 1920s as an era of decayed social and moral values, evidenced in its overarching cynicism, greed, and empty pursuit of pleasure. The reckless jubilance that led to decadent parties and wild jazz music—epitomized in the novel by the opulent parties that Gatsby throws every Saturday night—resulted ultimately in the corruption of the American dream, as the unrestrained desire for money and pleasure surpassed more noble goals. Gatsby's motives for throwing the parties is not to be passed unnoticed however. He used to throw the parties in hope of Daisy, people who know Daisy might attend. It is a proven fact because after their ‘affair' ‘Gatsby had dismissed every servant in his house', afraid of news of their meetings spreading (as he is aware how much gossip is spread about him already). This is what makes Gatsby's parties relate to the green light. It conveys Gatsby's constant desire and hope that someday Daisy will visit, and he shall not cease trying until he achieves his paramount ambition. The fact that Nick dubs him the ‘Great' Gatsby is also because he resembles a magician, in that he thinks he can bring back the past (quotation mentioned earlier). The fact that Daisy never shows up to his parties (until after they're familiar with each other) is also a metaphorical representation of how most people are denied the American dream, no matter how hard they push themselves. Gatsby changed his name from James Gatz to Jay Gatsby (god's boy) and his his domain is built upon the basis of a facade as he wishes to please Daisy and give a good impression. But in the end he dies due to several factors, such as the fact of his failure to realise that ideals differ from reality and that the past is almost impossible to re-enact. The ‘party' is over in a literal and metaphorical sense, and Nick prepares to leave the East for the Midwest. The people visiting his parties are aptly described by Nick as being ‘moths' or parasites, in that they ‘feed off of' or live off of Gatsby and his wealth. An example of this is Klipspringer, the boarder who visited for a party and never left. The word ‘last' recurs in this passage, which has an air of finality throughout. Another example would be the ‘material car' which Nick saw ‘its lights stop at his front steps'. Mention of the ‘material car' picks up on the recurrent thematic distinction between ‘materialism' and ‘idealism' as being two distinct versions of reality. In finality, we notice how and why the conclusions in this passage are justified as being famous in the literary world. The theme of this book, the ‘American Dream', is proven rightly to be a mere government-implemented myth, spread by the mass media, in order for people to not lose hope in a time of corruption and social decay. Characters and intimate objects represent more than their physical bodies throughout the plot, and it is difficult to spot a reference without a vivid or meticulous connotation behind it. Gatsby's death could be blamed on a lot of people for example, and not only the obvious Wilson (e. g. Tom for telling falsely telling him that Gatsby killed his wife, or himself as he failed to realise the fabrication that is the American dream). It is highly effective an intriguing as it basically sums up the messages and meanings behind the references in the novel Fitzgerald wants the reader to apprehend; which he delivers in a tantalisingly ornate format.

Tales from Thousand and One Nights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tales from Thousand and One Nights - Essay Example e King Shahryar an important lesson meant to change his life – that all women are not the same, and the actions of one evil woman cannot be used to judge the virtue and morality of all women. The â€Å"Prologue† to the tales begins with King Shahryar firmly believing that all women are inherently deceptive, evil and immoral. The King’s solution to the misery his once beloved wife had caused him is to marry virgin girls and killing them after the first night. Scheherzade, the heroine of the Arabian Nights, vows to change his mind, and save her life as well as the life other girls of her land. Thus, this â€Å"Prologue† helps to establish the pivotal position of women in the entire series of events. A woman changed the King Shahryar’s life forever, and a woman will set it back to normal. The representation of women in the stories of Scheherzade is well planned and meant to achieve a certain purpose. The portrayal of women in Tales from the Thousand an d One Nights is not restricted to one definite category – they are depicted in characters that range from wise to foolish, from greedy to sacrificing and from highly virtuous to deeply immoral. This arrayed depiction serves to highlight the fact that all women are not alike, and it is fallacious for anyone to form rigid judgments about the character of all women. The order of the stories is significant in the representation of women. In the first few stories, women are depicted as evil and cunning. For instance, in â€Å"The Fisherman and the Jinee†, the destruction of the King of Black Isles is brought about by his wife. She is portrayed as an enchantress who not only has an adulterous affair with an Indian, but also uses her magic powers to perish her husband’s city, converting him into half stone. This character is also shown as the unnatural woman – a magician who defames the true essence of womanhood. A woman that does not love her husband, and fails to perform her duties as wife, thus, is represented as

Customer satisfaction towards self-checkouts at supermarkets and self Essay

Customer satisfaction towards self-checkouts at supermarkets and self service trend in the uk business (The case of Tesco ,sain - Essay Example The customer satisfaction therefore, is hugely important for business that provides it with competitive advantage within the industry (Ennis, 2009; Arnould et al., 2004). In the technology driven era, customer has not only become more informed but also significantly influenced by the myriad applications of technology that increase efficient delivery of goals, especially in retail shopping. Indeed, the strategic changes implemented within the operations of supermarket chains like Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury have been designed to enhance the experience of shopping for the customers. The use of information technology in retail shopping is one the major elements of customer satisfaction as it positively contributes in myriad ways. The research would evaluate the extent of customer satisfaction in self-checkout and self-service in supermarkets like Tesco, Asda and Sainsbbury in UK. Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury are three largest grocery retail chains that have significant market share. Accordin g to Lawson (2012) Tesco with 30.8% of market share is till the leaders, followed by Asda (17.6%) and Saisnbury (16.4%). While Tesco and Asda were the first major retailers to introduce self-service and self-checkout in their outlets, Sainsbury has also initiated self-checkout lanes to boost customer satisfaction. ... The special checkout lanes have therefore expedited the process of purchase and provided shoppers with unique experience to quickly shop for items that are needed and checkout without the hassle of standing on long queues on checkout lanes operated manually. This is especially become very convenient for shoppers who have been affected by the recessive economy and can ill afford to waste money on non-essential item. The self-service and self-checkout lanes have therefore increasingly become critical factors for retail shopping within supermarkets (Weijters et al., 2007). 2. Aims The main aim of the study is to evaluate the extent of customer satisfaction in using self-checkout and self-service for grocery shopping in supermarkets: Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury in UK. The automated process has been perceived as important initiatives to improve shopping experience for customers and promote their long term retention. The study would enable the supermarkets to gauge the impact of new technolo gies and provide them with constant motivation to improve and improvise shopping experience. 3. Objectives 3.1 To conduct comprehensive literature review on the impact of self-service and self-checkout on customer satisfaction in shopping. 3.2 Develop questionnaire for 75 shoppers, 25 each from Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury. 3.3 Develop questionnaire for 6 managers, 2 each from Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury 3.4 Prepare interview schedule for 30 shoppers, 10 each from Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury. 4. Literature review In the highly competitive environment of global economy and recessive trend, competing on capabilities has become very important aspect of business paradigms. The firms constantly need to evolve in order to meet the challenges of time. Technology hugely facilitates firms to leverage

Synopsis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Synopsis - Essay Example I felt like my heart is going to explore. A couple days later, I registered NCLEX-RN class (National Council Licensure Examination-Registered Nurse). I studied very hard. I did not feel tired. I felt like I can fly. I could not stop smiling at work, because I had a new dream. I passed the exam at first attempt. I quitted job and find an agency. I was interviewed and accepted in â€Å"A† group for which I only need to pay 25% of one-year program. I told my family at one night that I am going to America in two months. It was like having a funeral service at home. My mom and sister started crying and told me that the agency is going to sell me. My sister said if I leave for America, she was going to die. My dad and little brother were shocked. My lovely sister cried so much, so I could not persist in my plan. I folded my plan just for a while. I got a new job. Actually, I was scouted from the previous work. This was a new opening hospital. I had to teach other nurses and assistants one-on-one, because they do not had any experience in this department. It has been going really well. I was very pleased after hearing that I have strong leadership skill from the director of the department. On a very bright day, my father got a letter, which was about my grandmother land with two other people, and they wanted to sell it. As a result, we got enough money to buy a house, and paid back all the loans. I desensitized my family that America is not dangerous, as my sister said she is going to die if I leave. I opened my dream file again. I found a new agency, got a phone number from the owner of the agency, and asked her if it is okay, my mom calls you to ask questions. My mom talked with the owner for an hour, and then said I can go there. A week later, I had a dinner with my male friends, and I announced that I might go to America in four months. I got a phone call from a male friend with whom I

All activity in learning guide needs to be done eg group blog, Research Paper

All activity in learning guide needs to be done eg group blog, Activity, WIKI ENTRY, JOURNAL ENTRY - Research Paper Example Structural changes that build trust, stability in employment, and associability can foster organizational social capital. Organizational that use job security provisions or at least provide an understanding that practices like downsizing are a last resort rather than a first measure to cost cutting, are more likely to build high stocks of organizational social capital (Sims 57). Sims (67) explains that structural change and reorganization of teams ensures organizations are more likely to achieve superior performance in part because they have better connected workforce (structural dimension of social capital); in part because they have employees who are more attached to the organization (relational dimension); and in part because employees share knowledge and develop collective work strategies (cognitive dimension). Enterprise bargaining involves the setting of wages and other employment conditions through negotiations centered on a particular business. It provides employees with improved mechanisms for tailoring conditions to the particular circumstances of their enterprise. The main benefits employers gain from making an enterprise agreement is that they are able to avoid the operation of otherwise applicable awards, and can create customized and standardized terms to meet the needs of their particular workplace (Mukherjee & Kumar 123). It often involves modifying or even excluding certain award conditions, which is permissible so long as the employees in question are not disadvantaged. Enterprise bargaining agreement can help firms move closer to best practice by increasing the incentives to introduce more efficient and management practices. Enterprise-based bargaining provides an opportunity for employers to trade-off wage increases for changes in work places, thereby potentially creating h igh-performance environment. Workplace changes

Action Potentials and The Cardiac Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Action Potentials and The Cardiac Cycle - Essay Example ld take approximately 200 to 500 milliseconds to complete and conducted from cell to cell, slower compared to less than 2 milliseconds in the action potentials in skeletal muscles (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate, 2007: 333). The following figures depict the stages or phases of an action potential: resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, and returning to resting potential or the final repolarization phase. The resting potential is the stage when the cell is not conducting an impulse (Rothenberg and Chapman, 1989). At this resting stage, the concentration of sodium (Na+) ions is higher outside the cell than the inside. On the other hand, the potassium (K+) ions are evidently higher inside the cell, compared to the outside. In this manner, the sodium-potassium pump is constantly at work to ensure a more positive ionic environment outside the cell membrane, thus leaving the cell interior highly negative (MCB-HHMI Outreach, 2005). Depolarization marks the first step in sending a signal or action potential, wherein the negatively charged cell interior is disturbed by the entrance positive Na+ ions, as we can see in the above figure (MCB-HHMI Outreach, 2005). Further, it is in this stage that Na+ channels open to give way to the diffusion of Na+ into the cell, at the same time, the K+ channels would just begin to open but closes immediately to decrease the permeability of cell to K+ (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate, 2007: 333). We can notice in figure 2 that the potassium and sodium channels are like gates that open to give way to their respective ions. Accordingly, the opening and closing of these membrane channels are responsible in the production of action potentials, as a result of the changes in cellular membrane permeability (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate, 2007: 333). In addition, calcium (Ca++) channels slowly open to cause Ca++ ions to diffuse into the cell, which also mimic depolarization (Seeley, Stephens, an d Tate, 2007: 333). An action potential triggers

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 2 Case Assignment Essay

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 2 Case Assignment - Essay Example More than two-thirds of the elderly live independently in a family setting. Twenty-seven percent live in modified but not institutional setting, including senior citizens housing, group homes, and apartments, or with family members. Elderly individuals will often try to keep their homes despite the physical or economic difficulties in doing so. A house is more than just a physical shelter; it represents independence and security to most. For some elderly people, keeping the family home is not a sensible option for several reasons. However, some elderly remain in their homes and refuse to give them up and they find themselves facing several challenges such as living expenses, chronic or acute medical conditions, social isolation and limited mobility. Most of the elderly find themselves living on a fixed income therefore neglecting their lifestyles such as eating healthy and seeking medical care. This is one of the areas that needs more attention for public health policy. It has been accepted that these elderly people should leave their homes and go to nursing homes at the expense of Medicare and Medicaid (Fielding, Marks, Myers, 2002). This is the last thing they want and Public Health policy should be developed making them more able to stay in their homes until they die. It is hard to imagine that it is not cheaper and healthier, as well as better quality care for them to be in their own houses. Another issue is emergency preparedness. Most people think the government means for them to have a couple of bottles of water and some dried foods available in case the lights go out. There should be some greater public policies on what should be prepared and for whom and how much for what sized family. The public will never understand this thoroughly if there is not better education and interventions along with policy to help them. This could make a huge difference if there is another major disaster

Weight management Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Weight management - Article Example One shortcoming of the research is that, much of it is concentrated on the behaviors that lead to weight decrease , but less study is findings has been provided for weight loss maintenance. The work has concentrated on broader issues (e.g., calories consumed), but data are scant on behavioral schemes related to weight maintenance. One broadly acknowledged idea is that successful and sustainable weight decrease needs paying vigilance to both sides of the energy-balance equation: power intake through nourishment and drink and power expenditure through physical undertaking . The influence of the blended strategy of consuming fruits and vegetables and engaging in normal physical activity has not been widely studied in mature persons thriving at heaviness decrease maintenance. A population-based approach was used to examine behavioral schemes used by those who were successful in weight loss. Such parameters as racial and ethnic dissimilarities in men and women were analyzed and described the combined dietary and physical activity behavior amidst U.S. adults who were trying heaviness loss upkeep. It was set out to analyze whether the combined tendency of consuming higher amounts of low-energy–density fruits and vegetables and engaging in regular physical undertaking is affiliated with successful heaviness loss upkeep. In addition, behaviors of respondents dining outside their homes were also considered and self-assurance in their proficiency to enlist in behavioral strategies that support successful weight decrease maintenance. In this study, men and women thriving at weight management described distinct one-by-one behaves. Amidst women who described consuming five or more crop and vegetable servings on the previous day, one-third were thriving at heaviness loss maintenance. Among women who described consuming less than five fruit and vegetable servings, one-fourth were thriving. Although,

Thermodynamics Lab Essay Example for Free

Thermodynamics Lab Essay Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to determine the identity of an unknown metal, and to prove whether the laws of thermodynamics hold when determining this identity. Using the accepted specific heat of water (4186 J/kg  · oC), heat flow between two different sets of water though the conduction of an unknown metal can provide useful data in determining the identity. The heat transfers can be calculated to approximate the specific heat of the unknown metal. When heat is transferred to an object, the temperature of the object increases. When heat is removed from an object, the temperature of the object decreases. The relationship between the heat (q) that is transferred and the change in temperature (DT) is: q = mCDT = mC  · (Tf Ti). After the specific heat of the metal is found, it can then be compared to known specific heat values of various metals, which in turn will allow for a probable identity of the unknown metal to arise. Hypothesis: The identity of the unknown metal is aluminum. This can be inferred from the unknown metals appearance, which resembles aluminum it its color, light weight, and luster. The laws of thermodynamics will hold when determining the unknown metal. The laws of thermodynamics must apply in order for heat flow to occur during the experimentation. Materials: The materials used in the lab were two calorimeters (insulated, Styrofoam containers), an unknown metal in the shape of a wide horseshoe, two thermometers, a balance, water, a beaker, and a Bunsen burner. Procedure: 1.Measure the weight of the Pyrex beaker, and then pour 200 mL into the beaker. Weigh the beaker filled with water. Record both weights to find the weight of the water by itself. Let this mass of water be labeled 1. Next, pour the water into one of the calorimeters and take the temperature of it. This temperature should be the room temperature and the same as the unknown metals temperature. 2.Pour 200 mL of water into the beaker and weigh the beaker filled with water. Record the weight. Let this mass of water be labeled 2. 3.Use the Bunsen burner to heat up the 200 mL of water in the beaker to 75o C. Then pour the hot water into the other calorimeter. 4.Set-up the calorimeters by placing the thermometers and the unknown metal in their specific places. 5.Record temperatures of both calorimeters every minute until thermal equilibrium is reached. 6.Clean and return all materials and dispose of any waste. Conclusion: The graph indicates that heat flow did undergo during the experimentation. The cold water increased in temperature, while the hot water decreased. The two liquids underwent changes in temperature until they both reached thermal equilibrium. This thermodynamics law is called the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics. This law basically states that two bodies will naturally reach thermal equilibrium when in contact. The First Law of Thermodynamics was obeyed as well. Only heat from the warmer body went to the colder body. Heat only travels in one direction, from the hot to the cold, as can be seen from the graph. My hypothesis of the unknown metal being aluminum was correct. The results of my lab showed that the unknown metal was aluminum, and later it was said that the metal had in fact been aluminum. The lab calculations went well. The values were somewhat disparate however. For example, the specific heat was found to be 1200  ± 110 J/kg  · oC, but the actual specific heat of aluminum is 900 J/kg  · oC. This difference can be attributed to the imperfect insulation of the calorimeters. Some heat must have been lost during the experiment, which may have caused a distortion in values as a result. Also, the metal was exposed to the outside air, and likely lost some heat to the air. Overall, the lab was a success. The only improvements I would suggest are to have better insulators and more precise instruments. Better insulation would yield improved results. The metal, which was transferring the heat, should have been insulated so that heat could not escape during the heat transfer. More pr ecise instruments would cut down on the uncertainties, which then would allow for better and more accurate results.

Life - Religion Essay Example for Free

Life Religion Essay In my opinion, there is no specific meaning of life. There also is a part of me that thinks that life really doesn’t have a meaning at all. But, since I have to try to define life, I would have to say it’s a combination of things in your life that you are living for, or the purpose of you being on this earth. Everyone most likely has a different purpose for being alive. Whether it is family, school, or your career; those things have a lot of impact on your life and also decisions that you make throughout life. In our society, many families instill faith and morals early into their children’s lives by continuing traditions or practices of religious faith. The idea of faith and moral beliefs are instilled in a person by attending or participating in church activities and reading the Bible or other religious texts. When there is a sound moral foundation in a person’s life it may give them the motivation through faith to build a sound structure for their life or to achieve personal goals. Simply put, a person may believe through faith that it is possible to achieve an education, start a family, or to have a successful business or career because of their foundation in faith. The reason why I somewhat think that life really doesn’t have a meaning, is because no matter what anyone does or how well or righteous someone lives their life, in the end they still die. What happens after that? Nothing, you never come back nor will you have any recollection of what went on during your lifetime here on earth. A person can bust their behind in working doing good for the community and everything else and in the end you still end up in the same place as everyone else, good people or bad people, you die. Another reason why I believe life doesn’t have a meaning is because all of the people in this world have to suffer, they still go through pain, they have to watch loved ones die, they still have to go through heartache, and rough times. Being poor, homeless, and not having food for as single meal in the day. Where is the meaning in life when people have to wake up hungry or worry about where they will lay their head that night? I’d say there is none when you look at it from that perspective. In my opinion, the meaning of life is too complex for the human brain to comprehend. People tend to say that they know what the meaning of life is, but who really knows the answer. There are various opinions and schools of thought, however, most people can never and will never reach a clear understanding of what the meaning of life is. If there is meaning in life at all, then there must be meaning in suffering. †? Viktor E. Frankl. Frankl could not have said this quote any better, most people can say that they have found meaning in their life but at the same time, there are some people wondering if the only reason they are on this earth is to suffer on a daily basis throughout their entire lives.

Industrial Air Pollution In Trinidad And Tobago Environmental Sciences Essay

Industrial Air Pollution In Trinidad And Tobago Environmental Sciences Essay The contamination of the atmosphere by any toxic or radioactive gases and particulate matter as a result of human activity defines air pollution. (EMA State of the Environment Report 2000) Over the years Trinidad and Tobago has focus on industrialization developing several industrial estates but greater focus was made to the energy sectors. They current have three major energy based industrial sites. The Point Lisas industrial estate, Point a Pierre petroleum refinery and Liquefied Natural Gas plant (LNG) located in Point Fortin. Trinidad and Tobago is considered to be one of the most industrialized countries in the Commonwealth Caribbean region. We have been blessed with a vast array of natural resources ranging from oil, natural gas and asphalt to manufactured petrochemicals. Despite the fact that oil production and refining is one of our main industry, petrochemicals and to a lesser extent steel plays great importance in the company economic growth. Trinidad Tobago is worlds leading exporter of both methanol and ammonia, currently they supply the largest source of LNG is exported to the United States. Early views and realization of Air Pollution To the general public air pollution was considered to be chemical emissions and that suspension and secondary pollutants will just dissipate with the aid of the wind and rain. As the country moves into a second wave of industrialization with several proposed plans of building the next economic hotspot in the Caribbean (Invest in TT Downstream Energy), concerns has been made toward the quality of air what we live and breathe. It was only years later when technology began to play an important part in analyzing pollutants and air quality that it was realized that air pollution was just as important as water pollution. The industrial sector in Trinidad Tobago is one of the most dynamitic in the Caribbean and this is reflected in the diverse nature of its pollutants. Table 1 illustrates the numerous industry classes, commodities produced, production process and resulting in air pollutants. Map 1: Existing Proposed Energy Base Industrial Estates in Trinidad Table 1: Industry in Trinidad Tobago and air emission they emit INDUSTRY PRODUCTS SOURCES AIR POLLUTANT Petrochemical Menthol, ammonia, urea, ethanol, liquefied natural gas Fossil fuel processing, industrial processes Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, Carbon Monoxide Manufacturing Metals, cements, consumer products Manufacturing and extraction process, stock piling of raw materials, fossil fuel burning Carbon Dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter PM (soot, dust, asbestos fibers, pesticides and metals). Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) Transportation vehicles Incomplete combustion Carbon Monoxide, particulate matter Petroleum Refineries Refined oil, oil base products and sulfur /acids production Fossil fuel burning, extraction process, transportation process, storage process, Carbon Dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane, particulate matter (soot, dust, asbestos fibers, pesticides and metals) Agriculture Animal waste, plant waste Animal waste disposal/processing, rice paddies and wetlands, plant metabolism, land clearing Methane, Carbon monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, particulate matter (dust), VOC Electrical Power generation Electricity Fossil fuel burning, Particulate matters, Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, VOC Mining Quarrying Aggregate Blasting, mining, washing, extraction process Suspended Particulates Matters (SPM); Total suspended particles (TSP); Particulate matters. Wholesale and Retail All consumer products Service station operations, truck filling stations VOC Locations of Main Industrial Sectors With industrialization comes a need for people to benefit with the high level of employment in these areas. The demographic transition cycle in Trinidad and Tobago is fairly predictive with many of the populated areas following the same paths along the industrialized map. (Map 2)In the initial stages of industrial development focus was made on establishing industries in sparsely populated areas. The intention was also to take advantage of the favorable wind direction which would direct most of the air pollutant west ward over (for the most part) approximately 5 miles of uninhabited land space and then to the Gulf, with the intension that the vegetation would be affected in a minor way during the dry season and would be assisted by run off during the rainy season. This idea inadvertently leads to another pollution problem. This proved to be a short term imitative, as these areas soon became an attractive alternative to the long commute thus encouraging the establishment of make- shift villages and shanty towns. This was also fueled by the fact that the southern and eastern main road were in close proximity to these estates. Over time these villages soon became establish resistances acquiring basic utilities and official mailing addresses. The industries were now faced with a new obstacle. They now had to focus their attention to both the environment and the neighboring population. Table 2 identifies the main industrial pollutants found in Trinidad and Tobago and its effects on both the environment and humans. Map 2: Industries and major roadways Table 2: Main Industrial Pollutants and their Adverse Health and Environment Effects POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON HUMANS EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT Carbon Monoxide- CO It is absorbed through the lungs reducing the bloods capacity to transport available oxygen to the tissues. Depending on the exposure level it produces flu like symptoms usually not recognized and may results in death There is minimum effect on the environment. Sulphur Dioxides SO2 Depending on the exposure level it can cause: cause wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath, respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs, it aggravates existing cardiovascular disease. When SO2 combines with water, it forms sulfuric acid, which is the main component of acid rain. When acid rain falls it can cause deforestation, acidify waterways to the detriment of aquatic life. It also corrodes building materials. Acid rain changes the physical appearance of vegetation plants metabolism impaired Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)/Oxides of Nitrogen NOx At low levels it has minimum or no effects on human health. However high levels NO2 can cause respiratory problem, increase a persons susceptibility to, and severity of infections and asthma. It can also affect the sensory system. It is harmful to vegetation, can fade and discolor fabrics, reduce visibility. Vegetation exposure to high levels of NOx can be identified by damage to foliage, decreased growth or reduced crop yield. Volatile Organic Carbon -VOC There are no general health effects of VOC because other gases make up VOCs however some gases may be toxic and/or carcinogen. Levels of exposure and time exposed can cause damage to the liver, kidney and central nervous system. It is known to cause cancer in animals. Suspended Particulates Matters (SPM); Total suspended particles (TSP); Particulate matters. Health effects on SPM in humans depend on the particle size and concentration can cause long term exposure increases the rates of respiratory illness and symptoms. Particulates can accelerate deterioration of surface and material. It has the potential to cause modification of the climate and contributes to acid deposition. Control Strategies Physical, Managerial and Legislative to Air Pollution The visionaries of the early industries focus little on health safety and the environment and this was reflected in the level of controls initiated by the industries. Controls were mainly one dimensional and fail to focus on the holistic views of health safety and environment. Public opinion and outburst resulting from the increasing number of medical complaints and the decrease quality of agriculture produce with allegations pointing towards the emission from these industries, prompted management to use technology to assist in the establishment of more stringent controls. This technology was also instrumental in pinpointing the actual adverse effects as a result of these emissions. Physical Controls The physical control represents the processes responsible for acquisition of raw material, storage, manufacturing and distribution processes. Use of Suppression Techniques The numerous pollutants that emit daily, through smokestacks petrochemical and petroleum industries together with major health effects, force industries to reduce the pollutant at the source. One of the proven ways of reducing these pollutants is installing scrubbers and in other cases bagging houses in the emission system. The use of end -of- pipe technology is being adapted by some industries, it is used to remove already formed contaminants in the air however it is proven to be very expensive and many industries internationally would rather pay the fines for higher emission levels than use this technique. In other words it is regarded as the less of two evils. These techniques force industries to adopt generic prevention strategies and solutions, only resorting to the more expensive techniques when face with dire consequences. Environmental Friendly Process With increasing pressure from environmental activists calling for industries to be more sensitive towards the environment, many industries have restructured their processes whereby recycling waste material as a new raw material to produce a second product. This process has been adapted by Methanol Holding Trinidad Limited (MHTL) were they have constructed an AUM plant. This plant is the first of its kind in Trinidad and Tobago being the most environmental friendly of the MHTL family. This plant comprises a diversified petrochemical complex to manufacture Urea Ammonia Nitrate (UAN) and Melamine using feedstock from integrated urea and ammonia plants. (MHTL) The local cement factory adopted several controls strategies to deal with the air pollution problem within its manufacturing process. A change from blasting to stripping of the main raw material (limestone) aided in the reduction of dust emissions that was affecting the neighboring community at their quarrying central Trinidad. The transportation of the limestone was also change from dry to wet thus also reducing the potential dust particles entering the atmosphere during transportation from quarrying to the process plant. At the out skirts of the processing plant itself major landscaping was done to create hills around the factory adorned by buffer trees with sole intension is to reduce the level of dust exposure to the neighboring community. Managerial Controls Self Regulation These controls consist of policies, systems and standards that govern and manage the organization. The establishments of the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) help management keep focus in order to sustain established targets. Company policies and procedures acts as guidelines to maintain order and structure within the organization. The introduction of ISO standards advertises the companys procedures to the industrial world thus ensuring that whatever measures initially introduced are sustained by the certification audits conducted annually by an international process auditors. Legislative Controls Currently in TT there is no legislation that refers directly to controlling of air pollutant emitted by industries. This is merely due to the fact that early monitoring system generally focus on water and land pollution the understanding of air pollution did not produce tangible evident because of technological short falls. The existing legislation addresses non specific air pollutants like the Petroleum Act (rev. 1980) section 29 (1) (j) prevention of air pollution and the Public health ordinance (1950), section 70 (1) (m) prohibits blacks smoke from chimneys. Even though the EMA was establish and is the countrys sole environmental body responsible for managing, regulating and coordinating environmental matters. The EMA has only managed to draft the Air Pollution Rules 2001 however to date 2010 these rules have not been made law. Trinidad and Tobago being a member of the Commonwealth and the United Nations has benefited from the research and technological advancement from these more developed countries (MDC). Initiatives such as the Montreal Protocol (1989 the control of CFCs) and the Kyoto Protocol (1997 the reduction of Greenhouse Gases) assisted the legislative process of TT by association. The only way legislative was establish was by piggy backing on the achievement of the more developed countries it seems that this was the only way the law maker could have had any impact on defaulters of air pollution in Trinidad. Only when legislation is pass the country can benefit from some effective control measures where polluters are prosecuted and emission limits are set for all industries. Conclusion Trinidad and Tobago historically is a nation of followers there have been very few instances where we were not promoted or assisted in some way or the other in achieving established goals and the topic of pollution is no exception. Have we ever wonder why the one establish air pollution laws stems from a diplomatic relations within the commonwealth and the United Nations or why we had to wait until the advent of OSHA to enforce existing safety laws in our country. The answer is simple we are still waiting to follow no wonder legislation spear headed by locals are treated with scan courtesy. Had these laws been establish in some first world convention they would have been rooted in the seams of our judicial system years ago? Many of the existing pollution laws governing the more develop countries were mainly as a result of international pressure, sadly Trinidad and Tobago is not view as a major polluting nation because of its geographical location and size. Evidence of pollution aware ness is mainly seen in the new establish manufacturing countries whose parent companies originate overseas. It is only amongst of fellow less develops countries and Caribbean members that Trinidad and Tobago is recognize as a polluting nation sadly these countries have little impact on global view. Despite our shortcomings, internally there has been an intensified effort to effectively monitor record, control and enforce pollution reducing systems and strategies. Internationally the over site of Trinidad and Tobago (a country that can easily fit into the Orinoco River with a population that barely exceeds large town in the United States) has not deterred local efforts to manage the levels of air emissions.

Joseph Andrews Essay -- essays papers

Joseph Andrews In Fielding’s Joseph Andrews you see a variety of characters. They range from the shallow, vain and proud characters like Lady Booby and Mrs. Slipslop to the innocent, sincere, and virtuous like Joseph and Fanny. The presence of Lady Booby, and all of the people like her that are portrayed in the same selfish and dishonest way, bring out the importance of the clergy. Most of the clergy that we meet in the story don’t fit our vision of â€Å"holy people†. They didn’t fit Fielding’s vision either. Parson Adams is the only character that represents what Fielding considers to be the proper role for the clergy. He believes that the proper role for the clergy is that they should give moral guidance and they should be virtuous and charitable. There are many examples of charity made by Parson Adams because Fielding believes that charity is part of the proper role for the clergy. But I think that Adams will stand out more if I show how uncharitable the rest of the characters are. While at The Dragon Inn, Joseph meets Mr. and Mrs. Tow-wouse. Mr. Tow-wouse is the owner of the inn and for his brief presence in the book he is good-natured, unlike his wife who is greedy and very uncharitable. When her husband gets a shirt to clothe naked Joseph she states, â€Å"Common charity teaches us to provide for ourselves and our families; and I and mine won’t be ruined by your charity, I assure you† (93). Later on, Joseph meets Mr. Barnabas. He is a clergyman but a disgrace when compared to Adams. Adams’ office as a clergyman is important because â€Å"no other office could have given him so many opportunities of displaying his worthy inclinations† (95). Barnabas is sent to Joseph’s room in the inn to comfort him because he has been severe... ...ical and obsessed with worldly possessions. They are supposed to be leaders of faith but instead come off as two of the most appalling characters in the book. But in contrast to the rest of the clergymen, Parson Adams is extremely charitable and honest. He and Joseph always act on their beliefs and defend them by any force necessary. Fanny and Joseph are morally superior characters, but they are still characters. Adams emerges as an individual. He gave Joseph and Fanny moral guidance any time they needed it and he puts his principals of charity into practice. â€Å"Now, there is no Command more express, no Duty more frequently enjoined than Charity. Whoever therefore is void of Charity, I make no scruple of pronouncing that he is no Christian.† (185). In Fielding’s mind the role for the proper clergyman is to be honest, give moral guidance, and at all times be charitable.

The White Male Fantasy of Total Recall :: Total Recall Essays

The White Male Fantasy of Total Recall      Ã‚   After saving the planet from a ruthless dictator and barely avoiding death on the hills of Mars, Douglas Quaid (Schwarzenegger) puts a final spin on Total Recall with his final lines: "I just had a terrible thought. What if this is all a dream?" This last statement by Quaid leaves the audience pondering the question of reality, wondering what truly was 'real.' By the end of the film, one could easily argue a whole realm of possibilities: The events were all real; they were all a dream; they were the Recall implant fantasy played out; or they were the Recall fantasy gone haywire. In addition, the film seems to reject imperialism and the domination of white males, also rather postmodern in ideology. What is most ironic about this apparent postmodernism of resistance that we see at the surface of the film is undermined by high modernist ideology that recalls metanarratives of a patriarchal past. Thus we actually get the high modernist ideology that the film appears to reject. F or every progressive step that Total Recall takes forward, then, it takes two steps back, and by the end of the film we see not a progressive victory, but rather a white male fantasy of the return of the patriarchal world in which the white man is on top.    According to Andreas Huyssen, "The postmodern harbored the promise of a 'post-white,' 'post-male,' 'post-humanist,' and 'post-Puritan' world" (194). While I am not purporting to predict the future, one would assume that if postmodern ideology continued on, then the future would continue the gender and racial role deconstruction that began in the mid to late 1960's. But Total Recall does not keep this promise, as there is nothing post-white, post-male, post-humanist or post-Puritan about it, and racial and gender codes, rather than being deconstructed, are actually reconstructed. In fact, Total Recall's world, produced in 1990, written in 1975, and representing 2084, looks much more like George Orwell's 1949 depiction of the world 1984 than any futuristic postmodern world. When Orwell created his future, it was based on projections of the present, and so whites and males still ruled the earth, and communist-like governments ruled the earth. In Total Recall, though, we do not see a pro jected future based on trends of our present, but rather one that reconstructs the past cultural dominant of white patriarchy, and seems to want to project from the early 1900's.

Essay --

Chinese Workers: Their Thoughts, Ideas, and Spirit Although many have doubts that Chinese workers work in conditions like prisons, they are still willing to work. Often these workers remain optimistic about their spirit; they never give up. Also, they never complain about their suffering in the factories. These depictions of the positive aspects of factories are never shown in the media. However, Leslie Chang discovers the true opinions of Chinese factory workers. In her speech, The Voices of China’s Workers, Leslie Chang describes the eagerness of the Chinese worker and their apathetic response towards their working conditions. Chang tells the real reason why the Chinese people leave their homes to work in the factories. Chang offers three reasons for leaving home and seeking a job far away. First, workers are eager to â€Å"learn new skills† (Chang). Most factory workers come from the poorest areas of China: these villages have no education, industry, or economy. They are just â€Å"farmers† (Chang), who cannot do any other jobs. As a result, nearly â€Å"153 million rural migrants† (Smith) work outside of their hometowns in China. Secondly, Chinese workers work in factories to â€Å"earn money† (Chang). Because many factory workers come from rural areas in China, they are faced with the challenges of reality. They have many concerns such as, â€Å"how much money I can save? How much will it take to buy an apartment or a car, to get married, or to put my child through school† (Chang). Compared to the urban areas, â€Å"salaries are far lower† (Perlin) in the rural regions. Therefore, they travel to big factory cities like Dongguan, China. Lastly, Chinese factory workers want â€Å"to see the world† (Chang). In the â€Å"impoverished provinces such as Henan, Hubei, and... ...earch. â€Å"When I first went to Dongguan, I worried that it would be depressing to spend so much time with workers. I also worried that nothing would ever happen to them, or that they would have nothing to say to me. Instead, I found young women who were smart and funny and brave and generous† (Chang). Chang creates and solves her own fallacy. Her speech proves that the Chinese workers value money and family more than the actual conditions or purpose of the job. The media shows the negative parts of Chinese factories, like the â€Å"suicide nets† (Perlin). However, the most important thing is to learn new skills and make new money, eventually returning to the village â€Å"for good† (â€Å"What Do China’s Workers Want?†). Chinese workers want the world to know they desire a successful life through their hard work; they are not afraid of the challenge and they will never give up.

Shakira on Philantrophy

Maybe most of you known Shakira as one of the greatest Latin American singer ever but most of you may not know her as an activist. BAREFOOT FOUNDATION In 1997 at the young age of 20, Shakira founded the â€Å"Pies Descalzos† (â€Å"Barefoot†) foundation, after the great success of her record â€Å"Pies Descalzos†, in order to help Colombian poor children not only to get an appropriated education, but to be healthy and nourished. She says that the children are the future of every country, especially in Latin America, so we should give them all the tools they need to succeed in life.On 2003 Shakira and the ex Chancellor and ex education Minister Maria Emma Mejia started to work together and Maria assume the Executive President of the Barefoot Foundation. The Foundation moved from Barranquilla to Bogota and began working on a massive program of nutrition for children from disadvantaged areas and displaced communities in Colombia On 2004 the foundation began the cons truction of the first educational institution which provided attention to 1565 children; also they opened offices on Quibdo. Now they give psychosocial help.On 2006 it was made the ‘First Strategic Plan 2006 – 2008', whose main goal is the comprehensive care of children on vulnerable areas or displacement areas. They made the educational intervention strategy stronger which care about of 3,072 children and young people. Also it strengthens the comprehensive model of community development center, taking care to 10,500 people around. Because this foundation not only care about children but care about their families since they're the people that spend more time with them and so if they're fine, the children would be too.That year, 52 000 people donated money, which raised $15 000. The second building of School District Las Americas is constructed in Barranquilla, with the support of European foundations. Om 2008 it elaborates the ‘II Strategic Plan for the triennium 2009 – 2011', whose mission is to implement a model of quality public and private assistance support. So far the Barefoot Foundation has built 4 schools on 3 different cities of Colombia that are: Barranquilla, Quibdo, and Altos de Cazuca.Their new challenge is to build schools in Cartagena also implement a project which is concern about the people there and the environment. BARRANQUILLA * Educational Institute of the Americas The Barefoot Foundation began its work there in 2004 and through several programs now helps 680 children, young people, and their community * Educational Institution Barefoot Foundation- Township La Playa This Public School, was built and opened in 2009 and now helps 1469 children, youth and the community there. QuibdoEducational Institution Barefoot Maria Berchmans The Barefoot Foundation began its work in 2004 and through several projects now helps 1225 children, young people and people of the area. There they help displaced families from the tragedy of Bojaya. Altos de Cazuca Gabriel Garcia Marquez Educational Institution Located in the commune of 4 de Altos de Cazuca in Soacha, where most of the victims of displacement and high levels of poverty are settled , from Boyaca, Santander, Cundinamarca, Tolima, Huila, the Pacific Coast and the Eastern Plains.The Barefoot Foundation supports this Public School since 2005 and through various educational projects now serves 1340 children and young people and 814 families in the sector THE LAST SCHOOL WAS BUILT THANKS TO CONTRIBUTIONS BY DONORS LIKE SHAKIRA, THROUGH PROCEEDS FROM HER 2006 BARRANQUILLA CONCERT, AND CONTRIBUTORS LIKE THE HOWARD BUFFET FOUNDATION, THE GERMAN TELEVISION NETWORK RTLTV, THE CITY OF MADRID, HARD ROCK CAFE AND SEAT. Pies Descalzos Programs If I eat well, I will learn morePies Descalzos Foundation believes that if children are hungry, not nourished or unhealthy they can’t pay attention in class and they feel weak or lazy, so the foundation have this progra m in order to reduce malnutrition and encourages a healthy life so the kids improve their learning If I learn more, I can be more Good spaces for children to be educated are important since they feel comfortable, that’s why Pies Descalzos has implement with great equipment on its schools so children are able to have the tools they need to have a quality educationIf I smile more, I can achieve more Bad experiences can give children terrible traumas. Through this program Pies Descalzos help children who have been victims of violence, not just to overcome a trauma but also to help them adjusting to the school setting. So they use art, music and any kind of assistance like psychological to support them and their families Family income Most of the children Pies Descalzos help have to work because they are alone and they need to survive or just because their parents haven’t enough money to maintain the family.That’s why this program is very important, since Pies Desca lzos provides economic opportunities for the families, so the children don’t work anymore and go to school. This program helps build projects that benefit children and their families. Sponsor a Child You can be a monthly sponsor of a kid, called a â€Å"Godparent† so you can help a Colombian child receive an education, uniforms, books, nutritious food, recreational activities and homework support while also letting him or her know that they matter. UNICEF After being working for 5 years on her barefoot foundation, Shakira was named goodwill ambassador for UNICEF

Most important Invention: The Computer Essay

When we think about technology mostly the first thing that comes to my mind is the image of a computer. Technological advancements such as computer have been designed to help humans and make the lives easy. In fact, computer is the Most important Invention because they can display and let you manipulate save information, and it is used in almost all fields . First of all computer have multi-tasking features that can minimize the work you have to do. The cheapest computer has at least the basic tasks such as mathematic that help you when you need to doing something in short time . For example, the only thing you must do is to type the information needed and it’s done. Secondly, computer can display and let you manipulate save information. You don’t need to use paper to save any information on shelves . You can have as many files as you can in a computer and organize them the way you like it without having to use any space. Finally, computer is used in almost all fields such as education, and any type of job. For example, you can use computers to play videogames, watch movies, listen to music and chat on the internet. So, computer is the most important Invention because you done the work in short time consumption on the activities, you can save the information and edit it anytime, and they let you do almost anything you need. Computer is tool of communication, and tool of education that can save money and time . You can have all the information in one place and dispose of it at the moment you need.

Environment and renewable energy

EnvironmentThe word environment means ‘surroundings ‘ . It includes everything that we depend on during the class of our life such as air, H2O, dirt, works, animate beings etc. The most serious environmental job of today is the pollution of air, H2O and dirt, lives of endangered species of workss and animate beings, planetary heating, interrupting of ozone bed, acid rains and devastation of tropical rain woods.Renewable EnergyA really utile method to minimise the environmental pollution is the usage of renewable energy systems alternatively of the conventional resources. Renewable energy by its definition agencies, â€Å"Renewable energy is derived from natural procedures that are replenished invariably. In its assorted signifiers, it derives straight from the Sun, or from heat generated deep within the Earth. Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, air current, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermic resources, and bio fuels and H derived from renewable resources.† In kernel, a phenomenon uses non-pollutant beginning as fuel alternatively of conventional fuel like oil and coal.Solar EnergyThe most popular and simple manner of alternate energy is solar energy i.e. the electricity produced by Sun ‘s radiation. There are two methods of accomplishing the above-named end,Photovoltaic CellsA photovoltaic cell alterations sunlight straight into electricity. These cells usually produces 1 – 2 Watts of electricity which is non sufficient plenty to run contraptions, hence a figure of such cells are bound together to organize big faculties and even these faculties can be connected to organize arrays to bring forth needed power end product. PV systems can easy be used at any distant site like RF Stationss. They are besides used to power tickers, reckoners, route marks and street lamps. Electricity produced by these faculties green goodss Direct Current ( DC ) whereas the normal place contraptions that we use are Alternate Current ( AC ) applia nces hence an inverter is required to change over the DC into AC.Solar Power PlantsThey indirectly generate electricity when the heat from solar thermic aggregators is used to heat a fluid that produces steam to travel the turbine that is connected to ordinary generators. Restrictions The end product of solar energy systems depend on sum of solar radiation produced by the Sun at that peculiar site and at that peculiar clip of the twelvemonth. Furthermore, the PV faculties are merely 18 % efficient nevertheless ; attempts are being made to increase their efficiency to a singular degree.Wind MillsThe windmill systems includes wind turbine with a conventional generator. The air current fluxing green goodss mechanical energy in a turbine that is converted into electricity from a conventional generator coupled to the turbine. These systems works basically the same as coevals from fossil fuels except that alternatively mechanical energy produced by utilizing steam it is produced from the burning of fossil fuels, the mechanical motion is produced by the air current flow. Modern air current turbines range from 600 kilowatts to 5 MW of power end product, although turbines with rated end product of 1.5-3 MW have become really common for commercial usage. Restrictions The power end product of a turbine is a map of the regular hexahedron of the air current velocity, so as air current velocity additions, power end product additions. Areas where air currents are stronger and more changeless, such as offshore and high height sites are preferable locations for air current farms. Since air current velocity is non changeless, the energy production besides varies.Nuclear Power PlantsNuclear power workss usually use atomic fission reaction to bring forth energy. In fission the karyon of big, atoms such as uranium 235 or Pu 239, is split into two or more smaller karyon bring forthing big sum of kinetic energy along with free neutrons and gamma radiation. The free neutrons are used to bring forth more such fission reactions. A chilling system removes heat from reactor nucleus and transports it to the country where thermic energy is used to heat unstable bring forthing steam to revolve the turbine coupled with conventional generators. Issues It is fact that the atomic waste is risky to the environment but these hazards can be eliminated by utilizing improved method to manage the waste merchandises. Furthermore, atomic reactors produce virtually no air pollution and the energy green goods is much higher than the fossil-fuel generators. In add-on, atomic power produces far less godforsaken stuff than fossil-fuel based power workss. Coal combustion workss are peculiarly noted for bring forthing big sums of toxic and mildly radioactive ash due to concentrating of course happening metals and radioactive stuff from the coal. Restrictions The atomic power workss have high initial investing and the care cost is besides really high.DecisionThe renewable energy system uses fuel that has unlimited militias, free of cost and generalized being like sunbeams for solar systems and air for air current factory systems, even U for atomic power workss are really abundant in nature. It is about every bit common as Sn or Ge in Earth ‘s crust, and is approximately 35 times more common than Ag. In add-on, more significantly they are none or far less pollutant than the conventional beginnings. However, these renewable energy systems produce no air or H2O pollution but do hold some indirect impacts on the environment. For illustration, fabricating the photovoltaic cells used to change over sunshine into electricity consumes silicon and produces some waste merchandises. In add-on, big solar thermal farms and windmill can besides harm desert ecosystems if non decently managed. Man in the name of engineering and scientific promotion does these amendss to the Mother Earth like the arms that we make to safe lives are really killing ourselves by one manner or the other. It is we who in the unsighted pursuit of technological promotion had willing or unwillingly destroyed the full ecological system and it is our premier responsibility now to salvage it as our endurance depends on its being

Mythological Language Essay

â€Å"Mythological language raises very difficult if not impossible problems.† Discuss this statement by examining both verification and falsification. â€Å"A myth is a symbolic approximate expression of truth, which the human mind cannot perceive sharply and completely, but can only glimpse vaguely, and therefore cannot adequately or accurately express.† – Millar Burrows. In the context of religion, myths can be taken to mean stories about God which have vital meanings for an individual, a community, a nation or the cosmos. Myths embody and express claims which cannot be expressed in any other way. Myth is the most complex type of symbolic language because it uses symbols, metaphors and imagery. They use them to explain the unexplainable and to give insights into human existence. Mythology does not convey information that isn’t true. They convey concepts that go way beyond the true/false descriptors. They express stories that are â€Å"other worldly†. They allow humans to gain insight into two very important questions; the cosmological question about the meaning of life and the existential question about emotions, feelings, believing etc. Mythological language was used a lot by the biblical writers. They have been included in the ideas such as creation, the fall and the flood. Within the Bible myths also attempt to explain the mystery of human origins and human nature. There have been a brave set of people over the last forty years, who have chosen to say a lot of religious statements are myths – which has challenged existing beliefs. There are of course many examples of religious myths and there are tree ways in which the word myth can be used in religious language: * The myth could be a story which isn’t true, but has some other value. Braithwaite believed that they were inspirational as they make us motivated. * It could be a literary device. Ineffable, i.e. beyond language, unexplainable. * A method of interpreting â€Å"ultimate reality†. They open up like symbols, they have new levels of reality or as Randal argues their purpose is to bind communities together. Biblical stories which seem meaningless to scientists are more understandable if you think of them as another language. Myths are extremely powerful in their metaphor or symbolic meanings. If you don’t take a literal view, and you consider the Bible is supposed to be recording history or science then yes, a lot of the Bible is false. For example, can you calculate the age of the world from the Bible? Yes, if you take it literally, but that would be wrong because scientists have enough evidence to prove that the world is much older than that. What one does, if we interpret the Bible in a mythological sense, is side step the facts to make them more meaningful i.e. â€Å"the world is a few thousand years old,† could just simply be saying God made it. So referring to the statement, â€Å"mythological language raises very difficult if not impossible problems† It is clear that even more than symbols, myths seem outdated. In the 19th century, D.F. Strauss suggested that we need to shift the focus of myth from â€Å"the story of a miraculous occurrence, to the story of a miraculous occurrence.† This basically means in the first case, it is assumed that an objective true narrative about a miracle is being expressed, in the second, that an embodied religious truth is being conveyed in a story form and isn’t necessarily true. Another critic of the use of mythological language was Rudolph Bultmann who said that we must not take myths literally. The Bible should be seen as a myth and only by reading the Bible as mythological text can we fully understand it. The Bible was written in a pre-scientific age when mythological language had a lot of meaning, i.e. the three levels of Hell, Earth and Heaven. Now that the world view has changed we have got to strip the Bible of its myths so that we can understand it again. Bultmann doesn’t mean cut them out, he means re-interpret them, demythologise them. He believed that it is impractical for humanity in modern times to believe such outdated stories: â€Å"It is impossible to use electric light and the wireless and to avail ourselves of modern medical and surgical discoveries and, at the same time, to believe in the New Testament of demons and spirits.† â€Å"The real point of a myth is not to give an objective world picture; what is expressed in it, rather is how we human beings understand ourselves with the world.† Bultmann’s main example of a myth was Luke’s explanation of Jesus being born in a stable. Strip away the myths and you see that it’s saying God can be found in the most humble and excluded parts of the world. Also the resurrection, he suggests is showing the re-invention of the people as they become Christians. Bultmann claims myth made it harder to grasp the Biblical truth. However, if you start doing this, then you end up saying that mythical language is meaningless, which is wrong because you shouldn’t underestimate myth and its power. However it undermines their status as true accounts and events. Yet some believers take them to be true which of course gives them meaning. Another philosopher to agree with the statement is Richard Dawkins, who commented in ‘The God Delusion’, â€Å"†¦much of the bible is†¦ just plain weird, as you would expect of a chaotically cobbled-together anthology of disjointed documents, composed, revised, translated, distorted and ‘improved’ by hundreds of anonymous authors..† He could also have added that this was put together during the course of many centuries. Significantly the difference between Bultmann and Dawkins is that Bultmann still maintained that there was truth to be extracted from the mythological narrative once the myth was stripped away. However, those who are in support of myth, claim that, since religious language is anti-realist, it is not concerned with making true or false statements. J.W. Rogerson wrote: â€Å"Because myths have their birth not in logic but in intuitions of transcendence, they are of value to traditions that seek to describe the action of the other worldly in the present world.† So in conclusion, it is important to understand how myths should be interpreted rather than being concerned to establish what the facts of the matter actually are. We have to remember how these stories were heard, i.e. in the context of simple people. This was a language they could understand and images and pictures that related to ordinary readers and listeners to religious works. This allowed the underlying meanings to be absorbed without needing a great education.

Ryanair’s Strategic Issues and Suggestion

Ryanair (0704007 business ) their strategy Ryanair's strategy is to offer their services with cheap price. So their competitive advantage is â€Å"Cheaper price† than other rivals. To maintain cheaper price than other rivals, they faces several problems. facing problems There were several challenges faced by low cost carriers in Europe like rising aviation fuel costs, ensuring staff productivity and maintaining a large fleet for expansion. 1. There are lots of airways which is provide cheap fare of flight such as easyjet, Virgin express, Air Berlin and so on.As minor airways use the same routine, minor airports get a purchasing power from the airlines competition. It is hard situation for Ryanair to minimize the fare. 2. The aviation turbine fuel costs fluctuated as economic and political situation changes and increasing demand of fuel. Also, the fuel should be paid by US dollars, so change of exchange rate affects to the fuel cost. Ryanair had not added surcharges like other airlines so that they could maintain lower fares.But increasing fuel cost makes hard to maintain lower price for Ryanair. 3. As I mentioned earlier, there are so many airlines offer cheap fares in Europe. The major competitors of Ryanair were easyJet, bmibaby, Air Berlin, SkyEurope, Wizz Air and Aer Lingus. Also, there were other low cost substitutes like train and tram services in Europe. 4. Ryanair want to expand their business in the European continent as it was becoming popular tourist destination. Also it is planning to expand its network to North Africa.It requires more aircraft, human resources, and agreements with airport authorities and governments. But the incidents of terrorism in UK and Europe, requirements from airport authorities and governments is hard for them. providing solutions 1. As there are quite lots of airlines which offer low fare of flight, they can be united and make a union of lower fare flight. Then they can have a purchasing power to local airports. 2. When the CEO judges the fuel cost goes up and thinks the time of low cost of fuel, CEO can make a long term contract with oil supplier.At this strategy, CEO's judgement is really important. Also, the company can do Forward Trading of oil. 3. Customers choose some airlines by fare and service. As the automatic devices are developed fast, they can reduce the cost by replacing from human resources to automatic devices. But the part of offering services, employees should be focused. 4. Do negotiation with the countries such as North Africa, US etc , then try to be liberalization. After the negotiation, business expansion will be easier.

No topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

No topic - Assignment Example The project will be very expensive and international support will be definitely required. Total expenses involving construction, transportation, and installation can surpass $160m. If the greatest auroral storm or the largest solar flare to date hits the Earth on August 01, 2013 and I were to visit New York City that day, I would expect the sky all over to have a deep crimson hue. Everything around me would brighten up in the most brilliant and intense way due to the solar flare. All electrical and wireless systems will fail which will cause a lot of damage worth trillions of dollars. When power systems will shut down, the city will be badly affected as will my personal life. Everyone will have to survive without electricity and power of any kind. It will probably take me a long while to get back home. Our sun is quite common in the universe and is not at all unique. It is basically a ball of plasma of average size. Trillions of other stars of the same size as the sun and even bigger than it are scattered around the universe. Stars also produce their own light, just like the sun produces its own light. This makes the sun very common. However, what makes the sun unique among other stars in the galaxy is the fact that the sun is closer to the earth than any other star in the galaxy. Also, no other star can compete with the temperature of the sun. Light from the sun reaches us within minutes, while light from others stars can take years to reach the earth. Stars compose heavier elements from lighter elements by their fusion during their lives. These elements are then thrown out of stars into space and they form new stars. Humans have these heavier elements within them. Our earth and the remaining universe are also made out of these elements which came from stars. So, we are in a sense made up of star stuff. This means that our origin is related to elements heavier than hydrogen or helium. Those elements responsible for our origin and

Did Globalization lead to the current Economic Crisis Essay

Did Globalization lead to the current Economic Crisis - Essay Example Although many economists were predicting the crash, their predictions did not ignite any concern until it had happened. The recession has led to many assertions and analyses on the causes and events leading up to it. There has been a reevaluation of economic and financial models to ascertain the weaknesses in the system that were over looked. Similar to the stock bubble and dollar bubble, the financial bubble burst and took the global economy with it. The events that caused this financial bubble need to be analyzed. Many experts are of the view that globalization of financial and labor markets have led to the crash, while many argue that the lack of savings and investment in the real sector caught up with the financial market. This report will analyze all these views and aims to determine the effects of globalization on macroeconomic variables. The causes of the great recession The most common perception about the recession is that the financial crisis is responsible for it. Irrespon sible banking, lack of regulation, displaced optimism and a high debt burden led to the collapse of the US financial markets resulting in ripples all over the world due to the US being the biggest economy in the world. However, these perceptions form a part of the picture but are not the underlying cause of the recession. Many economists including Alan Greenspan did not anticipate this meltdown and the fall in real estate prices was considered a minor bump in the road. Economists were focused on the integration of the financial market and the innovativeness and complexity of new financial instruments. They were excited with the increased investment and spending and the only issue of concern was the rising current account deficit. Households in the US were riding a consumption boom based entirely on credit; household spending was based entirely on credit cards. Due to the housing boom and rising asset prices, Americans felt rich, they consumed more Chinese imports and bought more hou ses on mortgage. Interest rates were low and banks had excess liquidity to lend to subprime borrowers through collateral debt obligations. For policy makers and analysts the recession was a shock; however an analysis of various factors leads to the conclusion that the recession was imminent. According to Bezemer (2009), the ignorance about the recession stems from the use of equilibrium models in macroeconomic policy making and forecasting. He advocates the use of accounting models to explain macroeconomic flows. The use of the flow of funds model, that takes into account debt, which equilibrium models ignore, is necessary to identify the effects of rising asset prices. The recession, according to him and many other experts, is the result of rising asset prices and thus greater investment in financial assets than in the real sector. The illusion of wealth that was created by the rising financial asset prices, that include real estate and insurance as well, caused the private sector to borrow more against their assets. This resulted in consumption driven by increased asset prices rather than wages and incomes. This is proven by the fact that the share of wages and salaries as a percentage of GDP dropped from 49% to 46% from the year 2001 to 2007. The resulting increase in debt and its effect was not perceived by prominent economists. The growth in debt relative to growth in GDP was unsustainable and thus resulted in the bursting of the financial bubble. According to the flow of funds view, any surplus of wealth that households own will be