Free Essays on Breaching The Dams, A Controversial Solution To Saving Salmon

Breaching Dams - A Controversial Solution To Saving The Salmon TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction........................................ 1 The Army Corps of Engineers Role..................... 2 The National Marine Fisheries Services Recommendations.. 2 Proponents Of Breaching............................. 3 Technical Requirements And Cost Of Breaching.......... 4 Opponents Of Breaching............................. 5 Conclusion........................................ 5 Bibliography....................................... 6 BREACHING DAMS - A CONTROVERSIAL SOLUTION TO SAVING THE SALMON Introduction A big controversy in Washington today is whether we should breach our dams to save our salmon. Opponents are squaring off over a controversial proposal to save salmon by breaching four dams on Washington’s Snake River. Each spring, millions of young Chinook salmon in the Snake River have to get past four killers as they make their way out to the open sea. They go by the names of Lower Granite, Little Goose, Lower Monumental, and Ice Harbor. These dams, erected in Washington in the 1960s and 1970s to generate power for the Pacific Northwest, can be just as deadly as any predator, smolts can get pureed by turbine blades or plunge over spillways to their deaths. Survivors are delayed by sluggish water behind the dams that might cripple their ability to adapt to salt water. The Army Corps Of Engineers Role The Army Corps of Engineers, which is supposed to run the dams while protecting the salmon, has spent years and hundreds of millions of dollars to try to reduce the annual slaughter by capturing smolts and trucking or barging them to the Columbia River, upstream of Portland, where the fish have a chance to get to the Pacific Ocean. This strategy is failing, experts say. According to tagged fish studies, less than five percent of the barged salmon survive to return to their spawning grou... Free Essays on Breaching The Dams, A Controversial Solution To Saving Salmon Free Essays on Breaching The Dams, A Controversial Solution To Saving Salmon Breaching Dams - A Controversial Solution To Saving The Salmon TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction........................................ 1 The Army Corps of Engineers Role..................... 2 The National Marine Fisheries Services Recommendations.. 2 Proponents Of Breaching............................. 3 Technical Requirements And Cost Of Breaching.......... 4 Opponents Of Breaching............................. 5 Conclusion........................................ 5 Bibliography....................................... 6 BREACHING DAMS - A CONTROVERSIAL SOLUTION TO SAVING THE SALMON Introduction A big controversy in Washington today is whether we should breach our dams to save our salmon. Opponents are squaring off over a controversial proposal to save salmon by breaching four dams on Washington’s Snake River. Each spring, millions of young Chinook salmon in the Snake River have to get past four killers as they make their way out to the open sea. They go by the names of Lower Granite, Little Goose, Lower Monumental, and Ice Harbor. These dams, erected in Washington in the 1960s and 1970s to generate power for the Pacific Northwest, can be just as deadly as any predator, smolts can get pureed by turbine blades or plunge over spillways to their deaths. Survivors are delayed by sluggish water behind the dams that might cripple their ability to adapt to salt water. The Army Corps Of Engineers Role The Army Corps of Engineers, which is supposed to run the dams while protecting the salmon, has spent years and hundreds of millions of dollars to try to reduce the annual slaughter by capturing smolts and trucking or barging them to the Columbia River, upstream of Portland, where the fish have a chance to get to the Pacific Ocean. This strategy is failing, experts say. According to tagged fish studies, less than five percent of the barged salmon survive to return to their spawning grou...

Curiosity Kits Neon and Magic Powerballs Review

Curiosity Kits' Neon and Magic Powerballs Review Curiosity Kits offers a science kit called Neon and Glow Magic Powerballs. The kit, for ages 6, lets you create your own polymer bouncy balls. What You Get and What You Need Most of what you need to make powerballs comes with the kit. You get: 4 molds to make different shapes of balls20 packs of crystals in 7 neon and glow-in-the-dark colorsresealable plastic bags so you can store your ballsinstructions You need to supply: cup of waterscissors to open the packageswatch or timerfoil or plastic wrap My Experience Making Magic Powerballs My kids and I made powerballs. They are ages 9-14, so none was as young as the lower limit listed on the product, but I dont think a younger child would have any difficulty with this project. Children younger than age 6 might have trouble pouring the crystals into the mold to make a ball or might be tempted to eat the crystals. The instructions for this kit are very clear and include pictures, so its very easy to get great results. Basically, here is what you do: Snap together the molds.Pour crystals (one or many colors, be creative!) into a mold until it is full.Immerse the filled mold in a cup of water for 90 seconds. (We just counted to 90.)Remove the mold from water and allow it to sit on the counter for 3 minutes (time didnt seem to be critical), then remove it from the mold and set it on a piece of foil or plastic wrap.When the ball is set or not-sticky, bounce it and play with it.Store each ball in its own plastic bag (included). Pretty easy, right? It didnt seem to matter if you left the ball in the mold longer than 3 minutes, but you do not want to leave the filled mold in the water longer than 90 seconds. If you leave the ball in the water too long the crystals will swell up and split the mold open. The mold will be fine, but you will get a seriously mutated ball. The balls bounce really high. If they get dirty, you can just rinse them off with water. The package said you could make 20 balls using the materials, but we actually got 23 balls out of the package. What I Liked and Didnt Like About Magic Powerballs What I Liked Easy enough even a child can make them.The project is quick. I would say you could go from opening the package to having a ball within 10 minutes.You dont need any strange materials. Get a glass of water and youre set.The project is very safe. Its safe to touch the materials. The balls are non-toxic.Clean-up was simple. Just wipe down your work surface with a damp sponge when you are done.The balls are exactly as described. They really do bounce up to 15 feet. They really are bright neon colors. Most of the colors glow very brightly under a black light. Some of the colors glow in the dark (green for sure, possibly pink). What I Didnt Like This is one of the best science activity kits Ive come across, so there isnt a lot I would improve. However, I wish the instructions had included some explanation of the chemistry behind making the powerballs. It also might be nice if the crystals came in resealable bags so that you didnt need scissors and so you could store materials in case you dont make all the balls at one time. Magic Powerballs Summary Would I buy this kit again? Definitely! This would be an affordable and fun party activity for kids. It is an enjoyable family science activity. Do my kids want to do this activity again? Yes. The balls do not last forever (instructions said they were good for about 20 days), so this is a project that can be repeated.

The Market Opportunities Available to Carrefour in a South Africa Assignment

The Market Opportunities Available to Carrefour in a South Africa - Assignment Example This paper provides a detailed outline of the market entry strategies that the Board of Directors should consider for entering the retail business sector in South Africa. It has been recommended that the joint venture would be the safest and most profitable method of market entry. Table of Contents 1 Brief Synopsis of the Issue 4 Recommendation(s) 4 Background 4 Company overview 4 Theories of international trade and investments 5 Analysis of Market Opportunities in South Africa 6 Company Situation Analysis 10 Analysis of various types of market entry strategies 13 Market entry Strategy: Joint venture 15 Reference List 17 Brief Synopsis of the Issue The proposed market entry strategy for Carrefour is joint venture since this is the best option available to the firm for minimizing threat involved in entering the new market and for gaining knowledge of the local market. Recommendation(s) South Africa is a developing country and the national government is making efforts to attract foreig n direct investment Carrefour is a multinational firm with advanced technological know-how Joint venture with a well performing local firm in the same business is the best strategy to enter the South African market Background Recently, Carrefour has made an unsuccessful attempt to enter the Russian market with the aim of establishing a hypermarket in the country. The causes of the failures have been found to be lack of potential demand (particularly for organic food items) and low opportunities for acquisition and growth. This paper presents a case study, which acts as the platform on which the company should build its strategy to enter the South African market. Through this paper, it has been recommended that Carrefour should adopt the strategy of a joint venture for entering the South African retail industry. Company overview Carrefour was founded in France in the year 1960 by two entrepreneurs, one textile retailer and the other a food wholesaler. In 1960, the first store was hig hly successful and it marked the beginning of the company’s successful journey. In 1975, the company made its first venture outside Europe and opened a hypermarket in Brazil. Since then Carrefour has expanded its business across the globe. Presently, the company has 4635 stores in France alone and more than 5200 stores in Europe, Asia, Latin America, Caribbean and North Africa and Middle East (Carrefour, n.d.). However, in 2009, the company faced a setback while trying to establishing a hypermarket in Russia due to lack of demand for its organic food products (Indu, 2011). The company was forced to quit their business in Russia and exited after four months. It is currently considering South Africa as a prospective country for making investments. Theories of international trade and investments In the modern globalized business world, there is wide agreement on the benefits of international trade among the economist, politicians and academic researchers. Investments made in for eign countries are believed to boost up business operations around the world and also lead to economic progress of the host countries. These countries are encouraged to modify the economic policies pertaining to international trade in such as way, that they can promote international trade and investment.  

Battling Obesity in Adults with health promotion programmes Essay

Battling Obesity in Adults with health promotion programmes - Essay Example The research paper â€Å"Battling Obesity in Adults with health promotion programmes† examines the unhealthy lifestyle habits and ways of preventing a serious contemporary public health issue, obesity. Obesity is becoming very common with the current lifestyles of people. Nowadays, life is made more convenient by technology and the accessibility of basic needs. For example, instead of walking to the store to buy things, one can just call for delivery. Instead of cooking food from scratch, one can just buy â€Å"fast food† or heat up instant meals in the microwave oven. These lifestyle habits are likely to cause weight gain in people especially if they do not engage in physical activities. If not controlled, it can even lead to obesity. It is posing a big health problem not only of the individual but for families and society in general. Overweight and obese individuals have an increased risk to illnesses and disease such as heart disease, stroke and other deadly diseases . Hence, a health awareness program for the prevention of obesity as well as some interventions to treat obesity should be put in place. It is part of the nurses’ duties to ensure the health and well-being of patients through preventative strategies such as health promotion. Since being overweight and obese is getting to be more common, nurses need to be educated on its risks, causes and prevention so they can explain it well to their patients, as well as practice healthy living themselves so as to keep physically fit. (Sellwood, 2013). With life/work getting more complicated and busy, people resort to fast food for convenience, but these are all filled with processed ingredients which are not healthy to consume (Tiggermann, 2004). Instead of such convenience food, nurses can advise their patients to eat freshly cooked food, fresh fruits and vegetables for better nutrition. Preparing food from scratch may take more time and effort, but nurses need to emphasize to their patien ts that these are better for them in the long run, as their health should be their priority. In order to be credible nurses, they need to model their conviction to be healthy. That is why they need to equip themselves with the knowledge and skills to implement appropriate health promotion programmes (Hayden, 2008; Azjen, 1985; Ewles & Simnett, 2004). Obesity exists when there is an excess fat in the body which adversely affects the health and well-being of individuals. (Mascie-Taylor & Goto, 2007). The body fat is measured with the body mass index (BMI). Brewis (2010) shares that when the BMI level of an individual goes over 25 kg/m2 , then he or she may be classified as overweight. If the BMI level reaches 30 kg/m2 and over, then it is already classified as obesity. Currently a major health problem, obesity contributes to increased morbidity and mortality among adults. It makes them more vulnerable to cardiovascular illnesses. The significant increase in mortality of obese patients with cardiovascular disease is a cause for alarm (Parsons et al., 2005). Obesity has likewise been associated with other medical conditions resulting in human suffering and health care costs, becoming an increasing burden to those afflicted with it, their families, and the government (Finkelstein et al. 2003). It is considered the fifth major cause of death globally as more than 2.8 million deaths annually result from this disease (WHO, 2011). It has also been reported that more than 23% of ischaemic heart disease, 44% of diabetes and 7% to 41% of some cancer burdens are caused or aggravated by obesity (WHO, 2011). From the latest update of the World Health

Becoming a Teacher Essay Example for Free

Becoming a Teacher Essay Never has it crossed my mind’s eye to become a teacher. I would choose any other field or career except it. In fact, after my high schooling, I was so undecided of what course to take, of which way to go as if I was in the crossroad Robert Frost is pertaining to in his poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†. I was definitely certain I never wanted to be one; I would not get myself involved with it, not even in my wildest dream! But, should I say fortunately or unfortunately, because my relatives who are educators said I must be like them, and that I should follow their steps. According to them, there was no better profession for me other than teaching. Woe to me! My life seemed to be driven by my family’s beliefs. I had to obey. I had no choice. So I had a plan. I would go against the current, regardless of my kin. They would be the ones to provide for my allowance and miscellaneous fee. I was by then a scholar, a grant my relative also worked out. At first, I was just planning to finish the first semester and then I would shift to another course but I never had the chance because they didn’t allow me to. I finished the degree with recognition though I never really liked it. For me, it’s better than not having a degree at all. After graduation, I took the examination not because of the excitement to be a â€Å"professional teacher† but because it is the expectation from all the education graduates. I was so blessed to pass it at once. I had my license but I still got no plan to teach. I was working as a cashier in a gasoline station while my classmates were already teaching as PARA teachers. Whenever they see me, they would always ask when I plan to apply for ranking. I would only smile and say â€Å"I’m waiting for the right time.† Yet, at the back of my mind, was the fear of handling the obligation. Yes, I fear the responsibility of they say the noblest profession. I’ve seen it from m y auntie. She was coming home late in the afternoon. She was staying up late at night because of lesson plan and some paper works to be done. I didn’t want to experience the same. Those were the reasons why I never wanted the course. But, I was reprimanded. That was the only time I was moved. I decided to process my application. So happy I was, because I topped the ranking and was immediately hired as a regular-permanent by the government, and I was summoned to practice my teaching craft and skills at Sotero Baluyot Elementary School. Teaching there was never easy for me. I had to travel for a couple of hours to come to school so I get home only during weekends. It was the first time I left home for days and to think that it would be for years, I felt even sadder. I did the works at my best though. I have to like it I know. I became friends to the parents and to the students and I started to love the job. There, I had a student who was visually impaired. Her classmates used to tease her â€Å"bardo† which is an Ilocano term for â€Å"duling†. Because of that, she became a true loner. She rarely participated in class discussion though I’ve seen a real potential in her. I said to myself I had to help her. I trained her to join the quiz bee. She got second place in the district level and became one of the participants in the division level. After that event, she became active in our class. Her classmates started to befriend her. Other teachers begun to notice her and became one of the best in their subjects. Pupils never tease her again. In the graduation day, she was an awardee. After the ceremony she and her mother came and thanked me. I had two more graduations when I decided to apply for transfer to my home base. Luckily, it was granted quickly. When the parents and the students knew that I would be leaving soon they approached me and asked if I could stay for some more years. Though they know that somebody was coming as my replacement, they say they would always prefer me. I was happy for their sincerity. I wanted to stay but my parents want me to be with them too. That night, was the only time I felt I AM A PROFESSIONAL TEACHER. Thoughts came back to my mind. The moments with the parents†¦The experiences with the children..happiness..struggles..Somehow I made a difference in them and I know I am a professional. Yes! I have become a mother to lonely children, a doctor to those ill, a guidance counsellor to the erring pupils and a very jolly peer but , I am a professional teacher. I shape the lives of the young and impressionable children, inculcate values in them. I practice differentiated teaching styles so that students are learning best. I setup and design classroom to get and keep learners’ attention. I control emotions in most stressful situations. I am accountable to teaching profession, to the pupils, my co-workers and the society. I have never dreamt of this path but with this responsibility comes great pride and joy because I am a teacher..a professional teacher.

Limon Dance Company :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Limon Dance Company is the nation’s oldest modern-dance company. Jose Limon established Limon in 1946. In the beginning the company only survived by word of mouth but eventually grew to be one of the Nations best and well-known Modern Dance Company’s. The Limon Dance Company survived with many of its original dance’s intact, these dances preserve the legacy of mid-century choreographers and showed the Company’s talent. The three pieces that the Limon Company performed were Champion, The Winged, and The Moor’s Pavane.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first piece performed was Sophie Maslow’s Champion. (First performed in 1948.) Champion was based on a short story by Ring Lander, and showed how violent the fighter life was in the ring and at home. The dance was done in rounds. The first round the boxer beat up his mother, the second round he beat up his girlfriend. This story was told through strong masculine movements by the male dances. At one point the male dancers were in a gym working out. Each dancer imitated different methods of training. Push-ups, sit-ups, sparring, and punching drills were all used in setting the scene of that part of the dance. Dancers used straight strong, but gracefully movements to convey the meaning of what was happening on stage. Limon did a good job of choreographing the fight scenes in Champion. All the fight scenes had energy and really made it look like they were in a boxing match. The Champion seemed to show an overall theme of violence in the piece.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Winged was the next piece in the program performed by the Limon Company. This piece was different from all the rest it seemed to turn the dancers into birds or some sort of animals and was difficult in my view to understand. Many of the dances used fast repetitive hand motions to simulate flying and seemed to move across the stage in sharp flowing motions like that of birds. The Moor’s Pavane was apiece based loosely on William Shakespeare’s Othello. Using 16th century music by Henry Purcell, and costumes that resembled period clothing Pavane looked like a dance that would be performed in a king’s court.

1984 Quote Journal Essay

â€Å"On each landing, opposite the lift shaft, the poster with the enormous face gazed from the wall. It was one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move. Big Brother Is Watching You, the caption beneath it ran. † (Orwell 5) This quote is an example of how effective and convincing The Party can make a simple poster. The Party has put posters everywhere constantly reminding the Party members that they are being watched. Being watched played a major role in every Party member’s life in the book. Winston who was constantly scared of doing things, such as having a face of anxiety or not cheering with as much enthusiasm in the two minute hate. Everything that Winston did throughout the novel that he thought was not seen by the Thought Police was seen by them. Winston even tried to make sure that his diary was not bothered with so he sprinkled some powder on the corner of the book. That powder was carefully replaced as if it was the same as when it was first put there, by the Thought Police, that is how watchful and investigative the Thought Police is. The Thought Police are continuously spying on the Party members through the televisions, hidden microphones throughout Oceania, and spies of their own. The Party wants to keep an eye on their Party members to have control over them. They have no freedom. Winston can’t even take a walk on a good day with out suspiciously being watched. Winston and Julia underestimate the power of the Party. Julia thinks that she has got the Party and Thought Police figured out. She believes that she can hide from the Thought Police. Yet when her and Winston think they have beaten the Party and were working and representing the real brotherhood. Though in the end they were the ones that were actually figured out, by the Thought Police. The Thought Police are actually watching, when least expected. The Party watches the people of Oceania as to control them. This quote basically shows that there is no freedom or privacy in Oceania. That people in Oceania live afraid to take a walk on a good day. All of this connects to the theme of the book. Orwell made the novel to show people what would happen in the future, or 1984, if the west turned into a totalitarianism government. This quote shows one of the dangers of the government controlling everything. â€Å"He discovered that while he sat helplessly musing he had also been writing, as though by automatic action. And it was no longer in the same cramped awkward handwriting as before. His pen had slid voluptuously over the smooth paper, printing in large neat capitals-DOWN WIH BIG BROTHER† (Orwell 19) The quote is an occurrence of what happens to Winston when he dazes off while writing in his diary. Since Winston wrote this, there is obviously a part of him that hates Big Brother. Of course Winston is afraid of what he has written. Because the Thought Police can catch someone even because of their thoughts. Since the dairy itself was already a risk now what he wrote was a risk. And even if he didn’t write it just thinking about it was a risk. Why would he write this? The Winston that was writing this was his real conscious. His mind realizes that what the government does doesn’t seem to be right. Like the constant watching. He notices that he had before been brainwashed to accept Big Brother. Though in the back of his mind he always knew that something wasn’t right. And now his back thoughts have came forward by writing â€Å"DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER†.

Private Educational Sector Performance Appraisals In Mauritius Business Essay

Mauritius, soon a rapid development and diversified income state in this communicating and technological universe where the authorities is consolidating the changeless support of people through the release and variegation of the economic system even though late hit by the consequence and impact of the brewing planetary fiscal crisis. The authorities is playing its full function to foreground the importance of transparence in all administrations together with greater attending on client support for edifice and guaranting better services. Concurrently, the authorities is carry throughing its duties with new tendencies and new development in the programme of instruction at all degrees with particular consideration in the secondary schools through the dependant and ministry directing organic structure of the Private Secondary Schools Association ( PSSA ) . The Mauritanian authorities introduced Performance Management System ( PMS ) on a pilot footing in its 3 different administrative sections in the twelvemonth ( 2006 ) after several old ages of formulated planning and scheme as devised in the beginning of ( 2001 ) after holding been followed by an discerning debut in the mid-1990s.At nowadays, PMS has been launched in all 25 ministries as of 23 June ( 2010 ) and all near concerned constitution as agencies indicated by positive feedbacks obtained from the pilot undertakings that was extended to other sections in January ( 2007 ) .The thought buttocks was to better the populace sector in Mauritius for better economic system and for responsively moving as an built-in portion in the fast-moving and modernised planetary direction. In the twelvemonth ( 1987 ) , the wage Research Bureau ( PRB ) which governs the general wage reappraisal of public sector in Mauritius with mention to private educational schools came with the tendency for alliance of conditions of service, wages, makings and competences of both private secondary schools with province schools. The chief purpose for this homogeneous attack was that instruction to be dispensed in a unvarying mode for the benefits of criterions and the society at big The subsequent study of the Bureau in ( 2003 ) came in the way of reforms with specific conditions of service for nucleus intent to better and achieve aims in the educational sector. From recommendations in the PRB study ( 2008 ) , schemes of public presentation assessment and public presentation related wage wages would take into consequence as from 1 August ( 2008 ) to accomplish optimization of resources. This research paper attempts to look into into the demands, effects/impacts and the results of the proviso of the two new issues in geting at the wage bundle in relationship with PA and public presentation related wages systems in the private secondary schools as recommended by the PRB ( 2008 ) . The survey should therefore take to reply the undermentioned inquiries: How is public presentation assessment perceived among offices and the conducive factors in the incremental system in schools? Is it genuinely applicable? Give us your sentiment about the evaluation of PA methods with the type of PMS being introduced. Make you happen the specified conditions used for ciphering the learning responsibilities allow? Are the present officeholders of pedagogues justified? What do you believe on the appraisal of the strengths and the failings of the existent PA system on the work environment and measure your overall satisfaction ; what is your purpose about the system? Research OBJECTIVES The aims of the research are to: 1. Find out whether private secondary pedagogues in Mauritanian schools understand the importance of PA in analysing what these indexs are. 2. Sketch the usage of assessment and public presentation wage mechanisms to actuate the private secondary educational sectors and raise the private direction. 3. Research the possible benefits and defects associated with public presentation measuring the private sector and discourse ways to right the permeant failings of the wage construction. 4. Measure the current operation of public presentation assessment and stairss in the planing systems and to guarantee consistence and transparence when measuring public presentation of staffs. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Some illustrations of the hypothesis formulated for the intent of this HR research are H0: An overall cognition and apprehension of P.A systems/will non assist private secondary offices in run intoing the aims of the modernized direction. H1: An overall cognition and apprehension of P.A criterions will assist Private Secondary Military officers in run intoing the aims of the modernized direction. H0: An designation of the specific intents and utilizations will non assist private secondary schools satisfy the possible impact of P.A as perceived by administrative members. Hello: An designation of the specific intents and utilizations will assist private secondary schools satisfy the possible impact of P.A as perceived by administrative members. LITERATURE REVIEW PSSA, besides known as Private Secondary Schools Association was set up in ( 1976 ) after the coming of free instruction both at primary and secondary degrees, granted by the so Labour authorities and started its activities on 20th September of the same twelvemonth. The caput office although ab initio stationed at Royal Road, Rose Hill, subsequently moved to Beau Bassin and still operates from the premises once occupied by the Teachers ‘ Training College. Although at the get downing the PSSA was meant chiefly to be merely a & lt ; paying agent & gt ; it shortly blossomed into a fully fledged administration and put up its frogmans sectors viz- Inspectorate, Establishment, Discipline, Finance, all under the duty of a Director who is appointed by the Ministry of Education and Human Resource ( MoE ) so that the Authority can ever be under the supervising of the Government of Mauritius through the Ministry of Education. The work and behavior of each and every employee both instruction and non-teaching is monitored closely and recorded in his personal file which is stored at the caput office. Generally, all policy determinations are taken by the Government in close coaction of Ministry and the PSSA operating in analogue with the Ministry of Education has the duty of implementing same. In other words, its cardinal purpose is to supply instruction conductive to acquisition and where every pupil would stand out in order to be perceived as a visible radiation of the existence in order to run into the challenges and criterions of life. The responsibilities of being dedicated to the cause of instruction are assigned to pedagogues once instructors and later Education officers severally. Their instruction and non instruction staffs are recruited by the directors of the several schools. At present, the establishment size of working forces with instructors and non learning members bases at around 3923 and 1575 severally. Today there are a sum of 110 registered schools in Mauritius and Rodrigues. Classes up to Cambridge Higher School certification are run in 47 of the to the full grant aided schools while 48 of them provide instruction up to the Cambridge School Certificate. By and large, the cardinal purpose of private sector is profit oriented instead than public assistance or service as for public service but given the figure of protagonism groups strengthened with the turning degree of instruction accompanied by the consequence of globalization which promote a strong demand to win, and to protect Mauritanian citizens from the traditional procedure where public presentation was no longer enhanced. Since the ambitious attack to drive betterment for knowing calling which would emerge in taking to portion capacity, resources and people, it was indispensable for a straightforward model action for public presentation results which reflected none other than PMS. In fact, the PRB study, prepared by a Mauritanian organic structure in charge for finding wage and guiding reforms in the populace sector as far back as in ( 2003 ) , highlighted that the public sector must utilize ‘performance direction ‘ as one of the arrows for assorted degrees of productiveness as practiced abroad, particularly in European states. It is worthwhile observing in this context that Armstrong ( 2000 ) defines public presentation direction as a â€Å" strategic and incorporate procedure that delivers sustained success to organisations by bettering the public presentation of people who work in them and by developing the capablenesss of single subscribers and squads † . It ab initio started through the usage of the confidential study. This was being extremely criticized because it had non shown effectivity in bettering public presentation for in service people. Consequently, the docket changed for PMS where officers were given ample preparation to understand the construct for proper execution.DEFINITIONS of PMS & A ; PAPerformance Management Performance Management is an on-going procedure that involves both the director and the employee in identifying and depicting the occupation responsibilities and maps associating to organisation ‘s mission and strategic ends through appropriate public presentation criterions on the intent of giving and having feedback for development and bettering employee work. Performance Appraisal Performance Appraisal is a procedure of measurement, sum uping and development the work public presentation of an employee to measure if he is efficaciously in line with the aims set. Performance Management and Performance Appraisal However, many people get confused with public presentation direction and public presentation Appraisal.It should so be clear that these are two different footings with same functional intent. Performance assessment is besides identified as public presentation reappraisal which is the procedure of basically reexamining the public presentation of employees. Alternatively, public presentation direction has a larger significance and embraces public presentation assessment. Performance direction translates the overall organisational ends into single employees ‘ aims, preceded by a meeting with the employee, to supply chance for common understanding based on the public presentation indexs for the appraisal which provides feedback for steps such as preparation, compensation, publicity, amongst others, to prolong public presentation over the long term. Fig 1 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL. Mission Aims& A ;Goals Conformity of public presentation Continuous Performance Management Management Planning Performance related wage: 1 ) Compensation 2 ) Promotion 3 ) Transportation Preparation for reappraisal Performance evaluation Performance Appraisal 0 Development and calling: 1 ) TrainingThe above diagram can be simplified as the followers:Management Planning Management squad design strategy of work and provides planning chances for staffs to take duty for their ain to ease in lending to the professional development of the other staff including the initiation and appraisal of new and provisional members. Mission aims and Goals To be to the full committed to the cause of instruction, to leave quality instruction in an ambiance lending to conducive acquisition where every pupil outshine to be recognized as an enlightened and of all time reflecting lamp and to hike the instruction service that would assist to run into up with the rivals of the approaching clip. Conformity of public presentation In order to continue the values and vision of the establishment, it is imperative to implement the scheme as laid down in the recommendation of PRB study.Besides ; it can besides be achieved through convincing and self-asserting treatment between executives and officers. Continuous Performance Management To work both at quantitative and qualitative abilities that would lend to updated occupation description based on uninterrupted feedback get the better ofing barrier, if any, towards run intoing the aims, irrespective of coaching. Preparation for Review Both director and employee, with much attending in the educational sector where the valuator should chiefly be of two hierarchy classs above the appraise so as to run into together with the cardinal purpose for appraisal based on competences public presentation to look chiefly at behavior and attitude in a occupation like lateness, promptness. Performance Appraisal At the terminal of the pattern or sooner after each assessment conducted individually between regular timeframe, usually twice or at most one time a twelvemonth, based on brooding procedures normally lending towards strengths and failings of the officers. PA is so put to public presentation evaluation and single public presentation that can easy associate to pay. Performance Rating This theoretical account should be based on a evaluation graduated table of 1-5 ; five being the highest and it should include some infinite to compose remarks refering to the evaluations that the valuator gives to his subsidiary. The description should give grounds of the true degree of public presentation and non where unenrgetic people would be stating that he has achieved to acquire information and produced appropriate consequences, accordingly needs to be associated to pay and development. Therefore, a double evaluation system can be more accurately reflecting the existent input of the employee in inquiry being rated. Performance evaluation has two subdivisions that can either be associated with trust and common apprehension ensuing in related wage or secondly as rating for preparation or strictly a countenance. Integrative LITERATURE Performance Appraisal started long back as a simple construct of evaluation employee ‘s work outcomes and has now evolved in a systematic procedure of measuring the work of an employee. It besides looks at a series of causative factors in the vena of how to make togetherness with environmental friendly conditions, participative direction squads and most significantly doing staffs capable of developing greatest accomplishment in capacity edifice for successful calling. Once, in the absence of the P.A ( as structured today ) , the C.R ( Confidential Report ) was the lone arrow towards the grade of efficiency of the employee. Rather than the of import constituents of work consequences and increment facet, it further provides foundations for good work conditions, finding competent direction squads, preparation and development of bing staff successfully whereby actuating and keeping a guaranteed quality of work force by decently honoring the work public presentation of forces which enable to vouch great degree of satisfaction. Carraher et Al. ( 2006 ) province that the most of import factors of work and compensation satisfaction are occupation term of office, construction and disposal of the compensation system. The existent study of P.A consists of two ( 2 ) primary intents viz. ; public presentation related wage and development. The rating of wage intent is carried out to inform staffs of their necessary ability rooted merely on collected public presentation informations which are normally intended to compensate high performing artists and punish low public presentation actors. The developmental purpose is to utilize to categorise officers into different degrees and therefore place uninterested and unsupportive employees who are ever faced with problem at work. However, progressively based on the procedure of ego rating and progressive planning, some employees steadfastly believe that many other factors are more of import than wage. Therefore, modern direction stresses non merely on public presentation but on a set of appraisals and self development based acquisition. On this footing, it is really of import to work significantly for better keeping of competent and difficult working employe es. It would be of much concern if an established usage in all private secondary schools in Mauritius could be applied irrespective of ain and conservative direction manners to warrant significant pay-reward consistent to the productiveness, particularly where instruction staffs are invariably endorsed in magnetic involvement of students which is a challenging and encephalon striking undertaking. In add-on, secondary schools are considered as model organic structures since they promote the general advancement, good being of students and uphold socio economic alteration in the society. Further, they are viewed as beginnings in set uping and run intoing cultural values and promoting preparation, therefore easing socialization. So, good degree of motive is indispensable for staffs to be in line with the inventions in instructions as it is necessary to react to the altering calling and reforming system for implementing expeditiously choice instruction. Since the early 1990s, authorities involvement in public presentation support and budgeting for higher instruction has well increased in OECD states ( Burke & A ; Serban, 1997 ; El-Khawas & A ; Massey, 1996 ; Jongbloed & A ; Koelman, 1996 ; Layzell, 1998 ; Peters, 1992 ; Piper & A ; Issacs, 1992 ) . However, developed states which have late harnessed and witnessed the alterations in the society with the acceptance of latest digital engineering besides being really trendy in periodic manner with instance in point, Mauritius presently immersed in this stage of influence, still tonss of private educational establishments are bonded with antique manner of direction and one manner enforcing executive confined to simply top- bottom direction. The relationship between the alteration in society and the alteration of instruction degree demands to be better understood in order to be more expeditiously managed ( Bjarnason and Brennan, 2003 ) . It is hazardous to presume and much harder to think that either on holding the right equipment or people with equal cognition, necessary accomplishments, abilities and the right sort of organizational model, rapid alterations need to be better understood with something else, say exact attitude and behavior, unless you can read person ‘s head. Subsequently, for the appropriate consequence at a ulterior phase, the employee must be ready and convey enthusiasm to make the work and most significantly he/she should be ever motivated in some manner to set about the undertakings which will lend a great trade. Academic staffs should at all times have the resource ability to be motivated for accomplishing rapid alterations in instruction in order to stand out with the transformational public presentation in demand. Reasonably, conventional direction necessitate much contemplation to understand what makes people do things so that they can carry the employees to exercise towards the aims of the constitution. Management demand to be cognizant that the things that motivate them may non automatically typify the same driving force of the employee ‘s.As such, it is indispensable to set into consequence specific motive strategies with the purpose of carry throughing a common and better public presentation assessment in relation to a just wage system. Performance assessment is one of the most valuable instruments in the director ‘s tool chest, as no other direction procedure has every bit much influence over person ‘s callings and work lives ( Allen, 2003 ) . Performance Appraisal & A ; Pay P.A is an of import procedure of the direction which preponderantly helps to find the wage related facets such as publicity, transportation and equal wages. Based on this facet, competent officers in a contributing clime at work enact a inclination towards the application of freshly acquired accomplishments and circulate cognition to their immediate schoolroom state of affairs since employee wages provides a major chance to better 1s aptitude and therefore be performance-centre oriented. The 2nd activity is for development and preparation intent that is formulated to do out jobs confronting by employees, known from collected public presentation informations or corporate feedback. The primary used appraisal standards are founded on employees ‘ work results, traits and behaviors. Most normally, P.A is designed to supply valid information of staff work consequences to pay merit compensation. Further, it is compulsory to let the steady flow of the processs for utile and self-assert ing parts that hold no other option for the employers to promote and be big plenty to recognize the worth of the least attempt of employees. In order to prolong coveted degree of wage in return of services offered, some organisations started maintaining aloof from fixed fiscal wage, relatively on the application of wage other than rewards and revolutionise towards the execution of flexible systems that finetune the compensation at single degree. In derivation of this guideline, some administrations found it necessary to continuously supervise all procedures geared at both organizational and personal ends to be executed in the best possible ways. For utile and accurate P.A information, the processs must be able to systematically bring forth dependable and valid consequences in determining the civilization of the running disposal. Besides, if we do non allow justified compensation on public presentation, the employees would develop a inclination of incorrect sort of work behaviors that would ensue in frequent waste of their on the job clip instead than bettering on work results. PA has late taken much consideration in European educational establishments where studies and research development say that public establishments have undergone drastic decrease in the figure of pupils. This is because of the fact that private establishments more and more common and competitory in the market are guaranting a better topographic point which is accordant with learnability in all characteristics doing market force per unit areas. As a consequence of this menace, public establishments in United Kingdom ( UK ) started with grassroot alterations in their operation and emphasized on formalistic staff assessment systems in the eightiess with a vision to maintain a sound gait on the inventions to run into the latest demands of educational construction. The alteration was viewed taking topographic point since if could it give staff to acquire involved deeply in ego betterment in the geographic expedition of country involvement, survey and therefore promote possible public prese ntation. This alteration resulted in public presentation related wage in the UK university system as a whole, covering everyone from support staff to senior professors ( Richbell and Wu, 2006 ) . Mauritius, backing significantly the valued stairss of UK private acquisition establishments since seemingly perceived for its quality in instruction, is determined to provide quality demands and services which are considered established by PA processs to analyze the duty and to size up competition. The sole ground for Mauritius behind this pacemaker is that PA is the key to happen out whether staffs public presentation is in line with the aims of the institute. Gone are the yearss when employees particularly instructors merely kept on steping on beaten paths with whatever limited competency or accomplishment or wish and willingness to better and maintain abreast with updated instruction AIDSs and updated accomplishments. The 21st century is the epoch of flawlessness in all Fieldss. Not merely research in all Fieldss particularly in teaching method is undergoing springs and bounds but all accomplishments are being rationalized where limited cognition is reviewed and even questioned. Every instructor is expected to build up himself merely like the solder on Himalayan boundary lines without the least pretext so as non merely to be the best performing artist with limitless cognition but besides be the extremely dependable resource individual. It is to be noted that in modern times the whole instruction sector is viewed from a position. However, it is besides to be highlighted that despite their functions as role-models and besides facilitators in modern teaching method, instructors have to be of all time equipped with equal cognition of the capable affair in order to truly command their â€Å" stand † vis-a-vis their pupils. The amateur or seasonal instructor has no topographic point in today ‘s schools for today instructors are non judged and accredited merely for their being & lt ; good & gt ; ( Bon Monsieur / Bon Madame ) but for their command of the topic taught, the techniques used or even exploited side by side with the instruction AIDSs and follow up actions including appraisals and remedial exercisings. On the other manus, the stakeholders excessively are in outlook of the best from them. Gone are yearss when the owners/ directors of private secondary schools were self-satisfied with a state of affairs with ‘good ‘ and ‘less good ‘ instructors. Adieu amateurism! This is their common armor. ‘We need the best and merely the best ‘ is the modern call. This is how and to what extent the PA hails as the existent beacon, for now through this device it is a piddling undertaking or activity to place the ‘good ‘ and ‘bad performing artists ‘ . Acerate leaf to state that at that place may, by bad fortune be some ‘unlucky ‘ 1s who are hit by error. But no system is 100 % perfect. So, in this instance excessively there is some grade of possibility that the PA has certain â€Å" victims † . But we have to rest assured that no unfairness is done to anyone for the truth is that although these schools owners/ directors do hold high expected marks despite they themselves being of small or no academic making, by dint of larning from observation for several decennaries at a stretch they are today really much in a place to make up one's mind which is which for the enthusiastic child with good grade classs from a celebrated university where he may be merely holding theoretical cognition while these old and cunning knuckleboness have acquired meaningful experience after larning through observation twelvemonth after twelvemonth. The challenge of every private secondary pedagogue non merely lies in run intoing the instruction and larning facet but rests on the list of chief responsibilities which are as follows: program of work to adhere to, learning followed by changeless advice to pupils for betterment, rectification and recording of assignments, behavior audiovisuals, built-in usage of learning AIDSs, remedial action for the benefit of the pupils, form maestro ‘s work, staff direction, instructors morale, parent ‘s conference with answerability and connate responsibilities. In the exercising of the above mentioned responsibilities with work undertakings to be regular, there are improbable tonss of much concern to be aroused although accomplishing high quality of work in conservative private secondary schools in Mauritius. On this footing, it is non ever possible to find the single work consequences and compare them. Therefore, the direction should invariably actuate staff members more expeditiously instead than forbearing from allowing some staffs ‘ increases, based on junior-grade defects like a few latenesses, in certain private establishments. Then once more, direction prolonging others to mount the stepss particularly to those hold given rise to favoritism or to those with greater consideration. P.A is really pulling much attending in attached educational establishments, such as Ecole Du Nord et al although majorly funded by pupils themselves where the figure of pupils has quickly increased due to low market force per unit area and cost effectual installations ensuing in betterment on quality of instruction every bit good as overall staff public presentation. Consequently exposing new subdivision school system as a whole with the building of Northfields in the North of the island. P.A is utile as it enables us to obtain reappraisal and place mistakes on whether worker ‘s public presentation is clearly aligned with the aims set.MethodologyExplicating a research designThis research is the survey of the trouble of emerging public presentation assessment system in a private instruction sector where the work loads continually change due to the singing attitudes of pupils and rotational nature of the work. It will travel through the dangers and chances to set up the personal work consequences and compare them to make direction sight. From this information, the survey will understand the available manner to be followed and the surrogate protection it will necessitate.The Research QuestionSing the above job country and research aims, the research inquiry would be formulated as follows.â€Å" Is public presentation assessment system doing usage of the proper tools and procedures to be comprehensive and to the intent so as to place itself on a balance which shoul d be homogeneously linked to direct wage? †The Research DesignTo continue, a systematic method is adopted. After specifying the job, formulating and developing hypothesis, a research design must be established. Our research design will dwell of the steps necessary for obtaining the information needed to work out the research job: SAMPLE UNIVERSE Sampling Unit of measurement Sampling Technique SAMPLE SIZESample UniverseThe full private secondary schools in the North of Mauritius are our sample existence. The common feature of this population being that every establishment is governed by the same regulations and ordinances of PSSA but each employer with his ain manner of operation.Sampling Unit of measurementThe trying unit will sort the schools into separate organic structures, i.e. each school with the existent population along the work load of each and every staff.Sampling TechniqueFor the intent of our research, we can either do usage of simple chance sample which gives every person an equal chance of being selected in the sample or non-probability convenience sample which is helpful. But I strongly fear of if there is a clip restraint.Sample SizeWe are taking a representative sample of 50 staffs to be questioned for the intent of the research.The Research ApproachA combination of both qualitative and quantitative dominated research methods to measure PA system will be worked on.The Qualitative Research MethodIn order to understand the kernel of the system and invent possible solutions, five semi-structured interviews inclusive of single interviews and group interviews will be carried out.The Quantitative Research MethodTo back up the quantitative research method, questionnaire study will be used to obtain both descriptive and analytical information. It will analyze officers ‘ existent perceptual experience and flexibleness with respects to aptitudes.The Questionnaire StructureThe questionnaires will be composed of three types of inquiry design: Simple closed ended inquiries ( Yes & A ; No replies ) Multiple Choice inquiries ( Choose any 1 reply from following options ) Simple open-ended inquiries, which will supply a qualitative penetration into our research.The Pilot SurveyA first bill of exchange will be pre-tested with five individuals – that would non organize portion of the sample – so as to gauge the population ‘s ability to understand the questionnaire and therefore enable to do any necessary alterations beforehand.Datas AnalysisDiagrams, graphs, charts and statistical methods from SPSS would be used for informations analysis.Restriction of surveyWhile working on the research, there might be some restrictions which will act upon our research, such as: The research will be carried out in a limited country. Time will be a major impeding factor. Sample may non be exact representative of the whole population and as such non give better consequences. The possibility of prejudice responses ca n't be ruled out. Lack of handiness of full information. Respondents might non be willing to make full in the questionnaires.Data CollectionThe research instrument is a self-administered questionnaire which included unfastened ended, dichotomous and offered multiple picks inquiries. Data is the representation of basic information. The chief beginning of information is as follows: Primary informations Primary informations can be obtained by interviews or merely by communicating or by observation, whereas secondary informations are readily available to the school as they may hold been collected antecedently for other intents. For the interest of the survey, primary informations shall dwell of information gathered from the study and interviews performed. The information collected would be based on respondents ‘ replies and feedbacks with the aid of structured questionnaires and concentrate interviews. Following the completion of informations aggregation, the informations will so be tabulated prior to analysis.

Free Essays on Practical Convenience

Comfort and convenience are on the rise in America’s society. People want faster service, with the same or even better quality. Opulence is also particularly essential; however, efficiency is also required to accompany its presence. Most products have undergone dramatic changes in order to please the ever-growing demand for these luxuries. Telephones changed into cellular phones. Note pads transformed, upgraded, and turned into personal data assistants. Humongous personal computers downsized to a 4-ounce laptop. However, a device has refused to undergo the immense technological change to provide improved leisure and expediency: the toilet. The toilet has not changed its basic structure or function since its invention; there are still a great number of consumers for the product. Although size and mobility cannot be changed drastically, an improvement for greater amounts of extravagance and expediency should be insisted upon in order to bring the toilet into the 21st century. If these changes do not occur very soon, I fear its users may find it obsolete and even hazardous to their health. One problem with the toilet is its lack of comfort. Warmed toilet seats are not a new idea- many of the world’s wealthy already own them. Nevertheless, no human being should ever be subject to the torture of a chilled toilet seat. The horror of a cold toilet seat may have already taken the life of the greatest musician ever known to man, Elvis Presley. Many speculate that the King of Rock and Roll died due to a heart attack caused by a drug overdose. However, what if drugs did not cause Elvis’s heart attack? What if the shock of a cold toilet seat caused the King’s premature death? I know if my grandmother found out that a cold toilet seat killed Elvis, she would probably put every cold toilet seat in sight to death. If my theory is correct, maybe America should stop its war on drugs and start a war on cold toilet seats. To improve the lives... Free Essays on Practical Convenience Free Essays on Practical Convenience Comfort and convenience are on the rise in America’s society. People want faster service, with the same or even better quality. Opulence is also particularly essential; however, efficiency is also required to accompany its presence. Most products have undergone dramatic changes in order to please the ever-growing demand for these luxuries. Telephones changed into cellular phones. Note pads transformed, upgraded, and turned into personal data assistants. Humongous personal computers downsized to a 4-ounce laptop. However, a device has refused to undergo the immense technological change to provide improved leisure and expediency: the toilet. The toilet has not changed its basic structure or function since its invention; there are still a great number of consumers for the product. Although size and mobility cannot be changed drastically, an improvement for greater amounts of extravagance and expediency should be insisted upon in order to bring the toilet into the 21st century. If these changes do not occur very soon, I fear its users may find it obsolete and even hazardous to their health. One problem with the toilet is its lack of comfort. Warmed toilet seats are not a new idea- many of the world’s wealthy already own them. Nevertheless, no human being should ever be subject to the torture of a chilled toilet seat. The horror of a cold toilet seat may have already taken the life of the greatest musician ever known to man, Elvis Presley. Many speculate that the King of Rock and Roll died due to a heart attack caused by a drug overdose. However, what if drugs did not cause Elvis’s heart attack? What if the shock of a cold toilet seat caused the King’s premature death? I know if my grandmother found out that a cold toilet seat killed Elvis, she would probably put every cold toilet seat in sight to death. If my theory is correct, maybe America should stop its war on drugs and start a war on cold toilet seats. To improve the lives...

How to Talk About Fractions in Chinese

How to Talk About Fractions in Chinese Know that you know your whole numbers in Chinese, you can talk about rational numbers in decimals, fractions, and percents with the addition of a few more vocabulary words. Of course, you can read and write numbers- like 4/3 or 3.75 or 15%- using the universal numerical system in Chinese-speaking regions. However, when it comes to reading those numbers out loud, youll need to know these new Mandarin Chinese terms. Parts of a Whole Fractions can be expressed either as parts of a whole (half, quarter, etc.) or as decimal fractions. In English, parts of a whole are stated as â€Å"XX parts of YY,† with XX being the parts of the whole and YY being the whole. An example of this is saying two parts of three, which also means two-thirds.   However, the phrase construction is the opposite in Chinese. Parts of a whole  are stated as YY 分ä ¹â€¹ XX. The pinyin of 分ä ¹â€¹ is fÄ“n zhÄ «, and is written the same in both traditional and simplified Chinese.  Note that the number representing the whole comes at the beginning of the phrase.   One-half can be stated as either ä ¸â‚¬Ã¥ Å  (yÄ « bn)  or using the phrase construction mentioned above:  Ã¤ ºÅ'分ä ¹â€¹Ã¤ ¸â‚¬ (à ¨r fÄ“n zhÄ « yÄ «). There is no Chinese equivalent to the term one-quarter besides  Ã¥â€ºâ€ºÃ¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¤ ¸â‚¬ (s à ¬ fÄ“n zhÄ « yÄ «). Examples of Parts of a Whole three-quarterssà ¬ fÄ“n zhÄ « sÄ n四分ä ¹â€¹Ã¤ ¸â€°eleven-sixteenthsshà ­ lià ¹ fÄ“n zhÄ « shà ­ yÄ «Ã¥  Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¥  Ã¤ ¸â‚¬ Decimals Fractions can also be stated as decimals. The word for decimal point in Mandarin Chinese is written as é »Å¾ in traditional form and ç‚ ¹ in simplified form. The character is pronounced as diÇŽn.   If a number begins with the decimal point, it can optionally be prefaced with é› ¶ (là ­ng), which means zero. Each digit of the decimal fraction is stated individually just like a whole number. Examples of Decimal Fractions 1.3yÄ « diÇŽn sÄ nä ¸â‚¬Ã© »Å¾Ã¤ ¸â€° (trad)ä ¸â‚¬Ã§â€š ¹Ã¤ ¸â€° (simp)0.5674ling diÇŽn wÇ” lià ¹ qÄ « sà ¬Ã©â€º ¶Ã© »Å¾Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¤ ¸Æ'å›› (trad)é› ¶Ã§â€š ¹Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¤ ¸Æ'å›› (simp) Percents The same phrase construction used in expressing parts of a whole is also used when talking about percentages. Except for when talking about percents in Chinese, the whole is always 100. Thus, XX% will follow this template: ç™ ¾Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹ (bÇŽi fÄ“n zhÄ «) XX.   Examples of Percents 20%bÇŽi fÄ“n zhÄ « à ¨r shà ­Ã§â„¢ ¾Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¤ ºÅ'Ã¥  5%bÇŽi fÄ“n zhÄ « wÇ”ç™ ¾Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¤ ºâ€

Lean Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Lean Management - Essay Example This may further impact on growing economic aspirations of developed and developing countries, which will require fewer resources that create less environmental pollution and greenhouse gases. At the same time, these improvements in production and logistics have given consumers a growing range of higher quality products at lower prices through many different sales channels. Federal Express' originally thought of delivering packages within 24-hours and they did. In 1983, Lens Crafters followed suit by assembling eyeglasses in one hour. Dell computers maintains it market share and profit level even when the competition is very stiff by made-to-order computers in a very short time. What is common in all of these entities The answer is Lean and its application in their respective organization. Add nothing but value (Eliminate Waste). In Lean, it is a primary task to determine what adds value and what activities add value to a product. Then, one will be able to determine the essentials of an activity and reduce or eliminate waste. Unfortunately in any organization, nobody wants to admit that his or her job is sometimes just waste. Breakthroughs are recognized upon recognition of waste. If an activity or cost does not add value, then it should be considered as waste or if an activity; or cost can be forgone with, then it is waste. Taiichi Ohno, the executive of Toyota Production System identified several sources of waste in a manufacturing industry: Overproduction, Inventory, Extra Processing Steps, Motion, Defects, Waiting, and Transportation. Center on the people who add value. Organizations would not admit that their own people are waste at times, unless they are asked which of their employees or system adds value to their output. Unless they can identify areas where people become the value-adding system in the work place, they will not know which is essential and which is waste. The criteria to determine the people who do the work that add value: Resources, Information, Process Design Authority, and Organizational Energy. Usually in a manufacturing entity, the design of tasks is divided to the unskilled worker doing the routine tasks (manual) and the managers doing the production tasks like planning, forecasting and so on. When problems arise, the task of solving lies on the managers and not on the frontline workers who knew what went wrong. This is due to the fact that these workers are not tasked, encouraged and even involved on these matters of production dilemma. They simply asked to keep or maintain the production quota. Womack (1990) stated that a truly lean organization transfers the maximum number of tasks and responsibilities to the workers who add value and place a system for detecting or recognizing defects. In this way, it empowers people to add value to their work. It reorients human resources to become a flow of value and not a functional expert. In the production of Toyota cars, the management figured out how to reduce multiple stamping and create a

Mali Economic Development Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mali Economic Development - Research Proposal Example In 2005, Mali returned to a robust and good growth rate of 5.5 % after being characterized by a poor 2.2 % in its previous year. Cotton production in Mali involves around 3.3 million people and close to 200000 families farms hence accounting for about 10 percent of the Malian GDP. When compared to 2004, cotton production in 2005 improved greatly due to well distributed and adequate rainfall. Since the Mali government acknowledges the importance and significance of the cotton sector, it has organized it in an integrated format managed by the Compagnie Malienne pour le DÃ ©veloppement du Textile. CMDT is tasked with regualtiong and managing the whole chain of cotton production. Additionally, it is mandated with the development of rural areas via the provision of the necessary infrastructure such as a road network some areas like Segou, Kayes and Koulikoro. In general, Mali’s agricultural sector is characterized by low productivity due to lack of a specialized labor force. In light of this, it is clear that human capital has a significant impact on a country’s economic development. Human capital is often made up of education and health of the people. A human welfare index which incorporates education shows that Mali has a very low rate of school enrollment rates when compared to the rest of sub Saharan Africa. As such, Mali’s economic development over the years lags behind in comparison to most sub Saharan states. Thus, Mali’s failure to possess enough human capital is a challenge and hinders its economic development.