The Effects of Anabolic Steroids Essay Example For Students

The Effects of Anabolic Steroids Essay Youve seen them, and you thought you recognized what was happening. Themuscle-heads at the rec center, the top pick ball player, the astounding offensivetackle, and the extremely quick swimmer. Every one of them utilized steroids, and you knewit. They were all unnaturally solid, and looked like divine beings. Be that as it may, what you couldnot see is the horrendous reactions which get using anabolicsteroids. These ground-breaking drugs have both positive and negative outcomes fromtheir use. Alongside expanded quality and size, clients of steroids sufferfrom infirmities like malignant growth, awful skin break out, balding, harmed organs and exceptional moodswings. Anabolic steroids are a gathering of muscle building synthetics, which aresynthetic adaptations of the male hormone, testosterone. Created in 1935 theywere recommended to help in muscle and tissue fix by the individuals who had undergonesurgery or had degenerative sicknesses. Presently they are utilized by competitors andpatients the same. Be that as it may, they are illicit to utilize if not recommended by a physician,and have been prohibited by almost all athletic associations, both expert andamateur. At the point when you consider somebody who utilizes steroids you commonly picturesomeone who is gigantic, and whose bulk is very much characterized. A picturecomes to mind of the mammoth muscle head, who is so large he cannot contact his backbecause his biceps are standing out, yet he can figure out how to seat press his vehicle. We will compose a custom article on The Effects of Anabolic Steroids explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The conceivable development and improvement is stunning. With considerably less work necessary,the results can be shocking. Competitors can get greater, more grounded and faster,with less exertion than past. The restrictions of a competitors potential withsteroids appear to be unbounded. These are the positive viewpoints to the utilization ofsteroids. One investigation indicated that as much as ten pounds of slender bulk couldbe picked up by a develop grown-up utilizing steroids longer than a years time frame. The resultingsize and quality increment would be more noteworthy more handily accomplished than withoutuse of steroids.(Taylor pg 45) Also, the sort of body structure that may malesare searching for can be effortlessly gotten using steroids. Largepectoral muscles, too and enormous biceps and a very much characterized stomach are whatmany young clients are after. Society directs what the current patterns are, andour society has directed that athletic looking men (and ladies) are in. In any case, noteveryone can be so blessed to have a delightful body with their given genetic stock. So using steroids, individuals can accomplish the magnificent body that theyso want. One ex-client remarked that after he had utilized steroids and built up,he was substantially more mainstream with the females, and got significantly more regard from hismale peers.(Deacon pg 52) Steroids are additionally utilized for helpful applicationsas well, in spite of the fact that their utilization here is considerably less notable. Steroids can be usedto advance recuperating in patients who have as of late experienced medical procedure, they alsoimprove the craving and increment protein creation. They likewise help protectblood for delivering bone marrow after radiation treatment. Likewise, steroids can beused to help treat skeletal disarranges, for example, osteoporosis broken bones becausethey help in the recreation of the bone matrix.(Goldman pg 201) The positiveeffects of steroids are very self-evident, and very ground-breaking. Shockingly, the utilization of steroids will in general outcome in many harming reactions in the clients. The sorrowful accounts of overwhelming competitors who usedsteroids, who are not, at this point extraordinary at their one time calling appears to dab thenewspaper pages consistently. They generally state that they understood too latethe harming impacts that the medications had on their bodies. Steroids can have manydifferent and antagonistic responses with the human body. A few impacts are onlycosmetic: balding on the head, and an expansion of hair on the back, chest andabdomen of guys is some of the time present. More noteworthy groupings of skin break out has alsobeen followed to the utilization of steroids, as has gynecomastia, the improvement ofabnormal bosom tissue in guys, despite the fact that this is considerably less frequent.(Yesalis pg115) More hazardous outcomes are manifestations, for example, coronary illness, impairedglucose resilience, hypertension, liver harmful ness, jaundice and tumors have allbeen connected to the utilization of anabolic steroids. Steroids will in general increment bloodpressure, which makes the heart siphon more earnestly, in the long run debilitating it. They alsoprevent the expulsion of cholesterol from the dividers of veins, which can likewise havenegative impact on the body. In the liver, raised degrees of bile can bepresent, just as peliosis hepatis or blood pools in the liver. Additionally livercancer has been connected to the utilization of steroids. They can likewise cause tumors inthe kidney, known as Wilms tumor, which is another type of disease. Additionally, theextended utilization of steroids can make the ligaments lose their flexibility, andbegin to break or tear after broadened utilization of steroids.(Goldman pg 131) Anotherproblem normal to the utilization of steroids is a mental wonders commonlyknown as roid rage. This comprises an all the more forcefully natured individual, whois progressively subject to mind-set swings. A normally quiet, smart individual could betransformed into a crazed silly being. The smallest upsetting variable couldset them off. These emotional episodes and movements will in general be transitory and stop afterdiscontinued utilization of the medications, however a portion of different impacts are enduring, andcan be very destroying. Less destructive, however significant too is the factthat steroids are restricted by about each athletic association, and in the event that it isdetermined that a competitor utilized steroids, all awards, trophies, prizes and glorycan be stripped away. .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b , .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b .postImageUrl , .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b , .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b:hover , .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b:visited , .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b:active { border:0!important; } .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b:active , .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-adornment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ucf42428bbb02 bc8891f944dc47def65b .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ucf42428bbb02bc8891f944dc47def65b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Forgiveness EssayAthletes who train with the utilization of steroids are facing an enormous challenge. Despite the fact that steroids can have stunning outcomes, and appear to be the best thing onearth, they additionally hold a cornucopia of horrible things coming up for the personwho utilizes them flippantly. They should assess for themselves if the potentialphysical ability that they could achieve using steroids is worth thepossibility of the staggering symptoms. They should likewise remember theconsequences that they could experience in the event that they do utilize steroids, which are anillegal tranquilize. Class: Science

Demian And Desires Essays - Software, Gaming, First-person Shooters

Demian And Desires Essays - Software, Gaming, First-individual Shooters Demian And Desires Wants and Dreams In the story, Demian, wants assume a significant job. When Sinclaire follows his wants something great quite often comes out of it. When Sinclaire doesn't follow his wants and dreams something terrible happens. For instance, when Sinclaire first became companions with Franz Kromer. Sinclaire had a terrible inclination about Franz, yet overlooked it. Since he overlooked his longing and his inclination not to be companions with Franz, Sinclaire practically got deceived with the plantation occurrence. Sinclaire knew there was something awful about Franz, he could detect it, yet he disregarded the hunch and just got himself wrecked. Sinclaire cited, Side by side with this I lived in a universe of dreams and drives and wants of a chthonic sort Sinclaires sentiments end up being important all through the story. Max Demian was a book brimming with bits of gossip. Individuals avoided him. Sinclaire saw something else, something fascinating in Demian, along these lines making the two talk and make companions. This relationship is one of the most significant in both of their lives. All in all, when Sinclaire follows his wants and emotions nearly everything will show up for the great. To tune in to the heart can be the best direction in ones life. This is the thing that I gained from this book.

Coping Skills for Parents and Kids

Coping Skills for Parents and Kids Stress Management Relationship Stress Print How Parents Can Help With Kids Coping Skills Helping Kids Through a Crisis Involves Coping Skills Training By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on August 01, 2019 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Stress Management Relationship Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Coping with a major change, stressor or crisis can be taxing for adults; for many kids, such things can be overwhelming. Because children don’t have the coping skills that the typical adult has taken a lifetime to develop, helping kids develop coping skills for dealing with crises and major stressors is a vital responsibility that can benefit children and the adults who love them. Rather than merely telling them everything will be okay, it helps to really talk to them and demonstrate how to cope with stress so that theyll know what to do when they feel stress as adultsâ€"and when their children feel it. This sets up the next several generations to be more capable of coping. The following are some simple and effective strategies for helping kids cope with tough times: Pay Attention Every parent knows that kids thrive on positive adult attention. When helping kids in coping with difficult times, it’s important to remember this, and give extra attention to kids even if they aren’t formally asking for it. It can be especially difficult during times of crisis to free up extra time to spend on kidsâ€"the natural tendency is often for kids to get lost in the shuffleâ€"but this is the time when kids may need your attention the most. Here are some ways to help kids cope by providing extra attention: ListeningWhile this isn’t true in every case, it’s often helpful for kids to be able to express their feelings and concerns, ask questions about what to expect, and just feel that they’re not facing things alone. Sitting down and having a heart-to-heart with a focus on listening can help kids practice processing their emotions, a healthy coping skill they can use again and again.Shared ActivitiesSome children aren’t as comfortable just opening up about their thoughts and feelings, and can be encouraged to talk things out by getting involved in a shared activity. Many parents of boys already know that it may take a game of catch or even a fishing trip to get their sons to talk about what’s on their mind. Girls can benefit from some quiet time with a parent as well. And even if it doesn’t involve a personal talk about feelings, spending time with a parent and doing comforting activities can be great for stress relief. Knowing how to engage in calming activities when stresse d is another great coping skill to have.Being AwareAnother benefit of spending extra time with kids is that you’re better able to see how they’re faring and to intervene if necessary. For example, if you see major signs of withdrawal, difficulties with sleeping and eating, or other significant changes in behavior, you’ll know when to step in with extra help at home, and when it might be a good idea to consult your pediatrician or therapist. Its important to know what is normal for your child so you will be able to detect any important changes in their mood or behavior. Minimize the Impact While you can’t completely shield your children from whatever crises you face (even if they’re not directly involved, kids are notorious for picking up on stressful situations their parents face, as if by osmosis), you can do other things to minimize their exposure to the stress. This can help them learn ways of minimizing their own exposure to stress later in lifeâ€"another good coping skill to have. Here are some strategies to try: Turn off the T.V.This is a good idea if you’re facing a natural disaster or other highly-reported stressors. With the availability of online, there’s no need to have disconcerting scenes played and replayed in your living room. Even very young children can pick up on extra stress from this by noting the stress in the adults around them and on screen.Maintain RoutinesWhen everything seems to be changing (or falling apart) around you, it may be difficult to keep routines intact. However, it’s a good idea to try. It can be reassuring to kids (and perhaps to you, too) to have as many things remain constant as possible, so it’s worth the effort to have bedtimes, meal times, and other family activities stay the same.Be Careful What You ShareWhen facing a crisis, kids want to know how things will affect them, and they ask a lot of questions. Not every question asked requires an answer, and many are better off being answered in a limited capacity. While it’s not a good idea to lie to kids, they don’t need to know all the details of a divorce, natural disaster or serious illness. They just need to know what affects them, what they directly need to prepare for, and what’s appropriate for their age. They can learn the rest gradually when they need to know, and as they mature and are able to handle more. Show the Way For better or for worse, when facing a threat, your kids look to you to see what to do. No adult is perfect, but being a good role model for crisis management doesn’t require perfection, just your best efforts. And an adult who copes in a healthy way provides a sense of safety and stability for kids and models healthy coping skills to emulate. Here are some ways you can help your children by focusing on yourself. Model Healthy Coping SkillsIf you’re panicked or overwhelmed (which is understandable in a crisis), this will affect your children’s stress levels as well as your own, so now is the time to prepare with healthy coping skills. Try to be prepared as possible. Focus on what needs to be done, and be gentle with yourself. Don’t forget to breathe. And spend as much time relaxing with your kids as possible. This will help you and your kids.Help Those in NeedEven when you’re facing a crisis, you can help others who may have it worse than you. This type of altruism can be beneficial for your whole family because it can provide all the stress managing benefits of altruism, plus a sense of being in control, which can also help relieve stress. Additionally, it can be comforting for children to be part of the solution and to know that other people out there are like you, who may help them when they need it. Empower Your Kids Above all, remember that you may not be able to change all of the circumstances they face, but you can empower them with coping skills and help them navigate what they face, and sharpen your own coping skills at the same time.

The Between Science And Metaphysical Frameworks - 1568 Words

Many have often pondered the question â€Å"what is the meaning of life?† and still many more have established the belief that the answer to that question is to serve a higher power who admonishes our moral and ethical duties. The concern about a divine framework and the so-called â€Å"grand scheme† within it, is a fruitless tree of thought, made important only by those who seek to instill false hope and ultimately stoke the fires of fear through their pontification. It is a metaphysical rocking chair that lulls to sleep the individual s self-awareness and reason, as well as the individual s moral and ethical responsibility for the entirety of the human condition. A much more authentic question that the individual can ask themselves†¦show more content†¦Existentialism claims only that human beings cannot be fully understood in terms of the sciences. Nor can such an understanding be gained by supplementing our scientific picture with a purely moral one. Categor ies of moral theory such as intention, blame, responsibility, character, duty, virtue, and the like very much so capture important themes of the human condition, but neither moral thinking (the norm of goodness and virtue) nor scientific thinking (the norm of objective truth) suffices. Existentialism therefore may be defined as the philosophical theory which holds that a further set of categorical thinking, governed by the norm of â€Å"authenticity†, is necessary to grasp human existence. The existentialist mantra, famously stated by Jean-Paul Sartre in his 1946 lecture, is that â€Å"existence precedes essence.† The individual is a being that exists before they are defined by any essence, that is to say, the components that make up the individual s self. The Christians call this the soul. It is the individual s actions and will alone that define their essence. We must strive to become the individual we know we are supposed to be, which is our self-defined existence, and avoid becoming the individual defined by what roles we take on such as work or family duties, which becomes our self-imposed essence. The individual must not allow anything considered transcendental nor rooted in the

Wal Mart vs. Conscientious America Essay

Especially today, Americans this Christmas are out to save money, to receive value for their dollars, and to make a decision based on the greatest number of choices available, conveniently all at one place.   This involves mega-monster stores, such as our titular popular national outlet, Wal Mart. Americans also want to continue, if not start living â€Å"green† and make conscientious decisions based on their sound and decent morals, values, and spiritual knowledge that giving is good, helping our fellow man is great, and supporting small business owners is without question the motto. Thus, the truly difficult conflict:   do we shop easily and convenient spending less money at the big store in the mall just down the avenue, or, do we seek out separate small businesses, owned by members of our community, using more effort, less convenience, and probably lessen the balance on our credit card by more than we otherwise could? â€Å"The concentration of ownership and power, along with treaties like GATT and NAFTA, means more and cruder exploitation of workers everywhere. Jobs flee America as manufacturing is done by people like Wendy Diaz in Honduras. Diaz told Kathie Lee Gifford what it was like to earn 31 cents an hour, allowed to go to the bathroom only twice a day, be cursed and screamed at, and be able to do nothing about it. There is one unionized Wal-Mart its in Ontario.†Ã‚   (2008)   Such newsworthy findings takes a look far beyond the retail market faà §ade.   The international impact of stores such as Wal Mart and other corporate America businesses are staggering. I’ve often wondered, whatever happened to all the orange, lemon, and avocado orchards in California?   There used to be one on every fourth block or so in the cities I lived in; I used to walk through many on my way to school.   They have been covered up by cement, underneath malls, underneath retail stores, underneath flooring where massive amounts of inventory are set; in other words, they’ve been malled.   Is that the fate of our landscape? Billy Quinn in his book about the destruction of America cites various studies done in the late 1990’s about 50-80% losses within community retail stores in the Midwest in clothing, accessories, and other apparel.   He advocates,â€Å". . . watching for red flags in a given area where large quantities of land are being bought up from large companies for corporate profit with no conscientiousness for the community they would serve . . . â€Å" (1998) What does one individual do?   The desirable choice and therefore action would be to do what’s best for the most.   The individual especially in our latest economy needs to do what’s best for himself and his family.   Most individuals do not feel they alone can effect an impact on this issue, and probably choose money value and convenience as a means to an end.   Few unique consumers stop and think, weigh, and choose with caution, prudence and spiritual conviction. We are all thrust, knowingly but involuntarily into this dilemma of a situation, and many are left frustrated, confused and merely apologetic as they continue pushing their carts down the wide, white-tiled aisles of mega-department stores where everything is under the one roof and to be had cheaply, or at least cheaper than most other places. How does one sleep at nighton a Posture Pedic Standard pillow purchased on a two-for-one weekend white sale, or on a hemp mat on a wooden floor inhaling the slightly sour aroma from the backyard compost pile?   I suppose the fabric and odor is not quite the question, rather, how long can we continue to walk the wide path, down an aisle, down life?   This country was founded on freedom of choice.   Let each make his own. Works Cited http://www.wakeupwalmart.com http://www.walmartwatch.com Quinn, B.   How Wal-Mart is Destroying America, and What You Can Do About It. 1998, Ten Cent Press, Berkeley, CA.

The 5-Minute Rule for Critical Response Essay Topics

The 5-Minute Rule for Critical Response Essay Topics Your grade will be dependent upon the standard and depth of your insights, and on using specific textual evidence as support. While online response isn't as in-depth as a face-to-face consultation, it's a great way for students to receive some answer to a developling draft. It's possible to also talk about the issues that arrive with having a football program. Communication differences between women and men. It may even be beneficial to have somebody else read your essay to make sure it is simple to comprehend and engaging. Don't make assumptions your reader understands what it is that you are referring to. In case the goal is to persuade, think about getting evidence, contrary evidence and logical reasoning If the aim of the author was supposed to entertain, attempt to establish the way the emotions are affected. Second, the journalist ethics might be criticized too even if taking under consideration the sensitivity of t he topic. For example, if you write a vital analysis of a book, you might analyze the tone of its text and learn how it influences the total significance of the book. So as to demonstrate you've grasped the ideas of the author, you have to bring citations or other references to show your understanding. The sort of language used either figurative, rhetorical procedures or narrative that is used in the text. Or, maybe you will apply a crucial approach to the text. Critical essay is a sort of academic writing. You may be interested in high school essay examples. Students are made to compose critical essays on an assortment of topics. It is not difficult to pick the topics for critical essay type. You may be interested in travel essay examples. An essay was defined in an assortment of means. A vital essay intends to give writers an opportunity to boost their critical writing abilities. It is a significant means to analyze information by posing questions and challenging the current literature on such topic. One other great system to try is taking your primary discussion topics from every one of your body paragraphs. For instance, suppose you're studying Moby-Dick. Nonetheless, the schooling system mainly aims at inculcating specialist competence. The Importance of Critical Response Essay Topics The conclusion of a crucial essay isn't any different than the conclusion of any other kind of essay. It is an analysis of any piece of text. A crucial analysis essay is a kind of an academic paper which demonstrates a student's capacity to analyze a part of literature or cinematograph. Now you're ready to submi t your excellent important analysis essay! The very first thing that you should do when writing such an essay is to give an overview of what you're analyzing. Make sure your essay does not have any mechanical and stylistic errors. The duration of the essay often determines the variety of body paragraphs to get in your writing. The remaining part of the essay will offer critical analysis and evidence to support and show the thesis. The Critical Response Essay Topics Stories There are many different forms of critical analysis a student authoring an important review paper may be requested to write. Critical lens essays represent a sort of paper demanded by a sizable number of American educational institutions. These suggestions on how to compose a crucial response can help you overcome your uncertainty. Finding an answer to your paper is currently simpler than ever! You can think about a troubling or inconsistent facet of your work and focus on it. If after following the steps and taking note of the advice and tricks, you find it difficult to compose a crucial analysis, don't be afraid to ask support from EssayPro. You should not assume that you must criticize the specific work of art in your critical reaction. Otherwise, complete the job! Understanding Critical Response Essay Topics Critical essay may also open novel ways about how to approach the topic which can cause additional appreciation of it. Writing a critical essay gives us the opportunity to have a look at things from a different standpoint. When selecting a topic for a crucial essay make certain you take a topic you'll be able to deal with. To be critical means that you have to reflect upon this issue instead of merely to describe it. The Debate Over Critical Response Essay Topics A crucial essay is intended to be informative, meaning all claims ought to be backed up by a credible evidence instead of simply stated because it strikes the author's fancy. Kant argued that we don't will need to think or to know the potential c onsequences of our action, but we should understand what made those actions right or wrong. Once you provide a particular example, explain how it relates to the most important idea of the paragraph and the general thesis statement of the essay.

A Hypothetical Scenario in Mumbai-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: You are the head of the Emergency Response Team in Mumbai. What would your response plan be given the situation and the location of this disaster event? Answer: Introduction Flood is one of the types of natural disasters that cause many to suffer through different means such as by causing casualties, lost of houses, economic disruption etc. Despite the fact that it causes casualties, it receives an equally incompetent recovery operations. Additionally, the affected region do not have adequate response plan to minimize the expected losses (Pearson, 2012). The current study is a hypothetical coverage of a response plan, which will be required to the people living close to the heavily affected areas in Mumbai due to heavy rainfall. It has been shown in the hypothetical scenario that the areas close to the different rivers are expected to be affected because of an unexpected flood. The rainfall is very high in the month of July, which is why the rain water is running off to the different rivers. This is helping the rivers to overflow. Situations are favorable to flood (Tarlock, 2012). This is why the study will focus on preparing a response plan to an expect ed flood in Mumbai in the areas around the islands. Relevant stakeholders in the response In the proposed response plan, there will be the needs of different stakeholders. Following are the list of different stakeholders needed for the proposed response plan: Local government- The local government needs to have some plans that could efficiently respond to the expected flood in Mumbai with effective preventive measures. However, the local government has yet to get success in controlling the losses. They are an important body in this response plan. It is of utmost necessity to have a modified and effective fighting strategy against the rising cases of floods. The local government should come up with a plan such as acknowledging the people who are close to danger areas. Acknowledgement can be done through various ways such as through daily news in different news channels across the country, in daily newspapers across the city and through radio transmission. There can be many other resources like such. Such resources can be helpful in creating awareness into the local people of Mumbai. However, there is a requirement from both the central government and in specific the state government to instruct the adherence to the thought solutions. It is their responsibilities to ensure that every thought strategies are appropriately placed and managed (Berke et al., 2014). NGOs- It is required to have a coordinating work in between the local government and the different NGOs across the city. The local government initiatives will be helped by the different resources available in the different NGOs. They can help in reaching to people living in the danger areas. This will help in communicating with such people. Nevertheless, this will educate the old people those who are leaving in the danger zone on the expected flood. An educated local resident is very handful in responding to an unexpected natural disaster (Chan, 2015). Volunteers- Volunteers have also significant roles in such response plan. Volunteers are appointed to provide the relief works to the affected people and area. They do so with the help of different transporting means such as by helicopters and boats. They are helpful in supplying the required goods to the victims. Moreover, they are also helpful in the response plan as they will be effective in moving the residents to some safer place if it is required. This is always safe to vacant the places that are close to the rivers. According to the scenario given, places near to the different rivers will be prone to many losses (McDougall, 2012). Private sectors- Private sectors can also play a very significant role in supporting the response plan against the expected flood in Mumbai. This can be understood from the examples of IBM. They have deployed Sahana Software that will help the government track the affected people in the different affected regions. Additionally, the company has brought an app named Disaster Reporter. This app will help the citizens to address their issues through this app. They will also be able to upload the images of affected areas, which might be helpful in getting a quick concern of the state government of Mumbai (Wan et al., 2014). Additionally, private sectors can also support the response plan or the after flood recovery plan with some necessary donations, which is highly needed in such situations. India is full of reputed private firms such as Reliance industries, Tata Group, Birla Group and many other companies like such. Their participation in the post flood recovery plan will provide utmost supports to the affected people. Moreover, different celebrities from any background can also take part in supporting the affected people (Johnson et al., 2013). Logistics operations This is another very important and challenging section of this response plan for the expected flood in Mumbai. This is the one medium that not only helps the foods and other required materials reach to the affected people but this also help in transferring the affected people to a safer place. There are needs to supply the required goods such as foods to the affected people (Bozorgi-Amiri, Jabalameli Al-e-Hashem, 2013). Nevertheless, this is challenging to supply required goods to the affected areas. In case of flood as mentioned in the hypothetical scenario, it is necessary to have some different transport means that could establish its access with the affected areas. In the mentioned context, there are different means of transport that can be really handful in supplying the required needs to the affected areas. Such transport means will be the boats and the helicopters. The volunteers may take care of the relief work by being in the different boats and reaching to the affected are as. Army people can use helicopters to supply the foods and other essential yet feasible goods to the affected people especially to those who are still not rescued to a safer zone (Peres et al., 2012). Additionally, the role of state government will be very handful in this cause. They will stock the different goods for the affected people. The arrangement of mentioned transport means will only be possible if the state government provides necessary funds to the operation. Moreover, the role of state government will be highly needed in such cause (Joshi Aoki, 2014). Special considerations because of the scenario Three factors have been identified as probable reasons behind the frequent flood in Mumbai. Those three factors are hydrological, meteorological and human (Eldho Jothiprakash, 2012). Meteorological and hydrological can never be blamed for the destruction as they can only use technology to check the different parameters and forecast accordingly. The expected temperature can only be forecasted; however, forecasts are bound to prove a failure. On a similar note, the hydrological department can only predict the expected rise in level of water. They can never prevent the water to rise from above the normal level. The third factor Human is the only factor that scripts the real destruction (Ramkrishna Chaudhari Pravin, 2014). The stored water or any wastage in the city passes through drains, canals and underground drains and enters into the Mithi River, which acts as a divider in between the city and the other suburbs. The river has collected many residual in the form of wastages such as plastics. The channels are comparatively lower in area, which is why it has become densely populated with such wastages. Until and unless it is widened, this will be difficult to think of preventing floods in Mumbai. For this, the state government as well as the local citizens is responsible. The state government is responsible because they have not been successful in dislodging the pollutant particles from the Mithi River. Common people are responsible because they are not caring before throwing wastages such as plastics. It is there carelessness, which is becoming the reason behind the rising culmination of wastages in the river (Singare, 2012). Probable challenges Various challenges are there in implementing the response plan and also in providing the relief services to the affected people. Communication will be a challenge in flood recovery plan. Visible places get submerged because of flood waters. Hence, this is not feasible to access such places easily. In such situations, the administration is left with limited means of transportation. Specifically, running boats in the river and flying helicopters in the air are the two most feasible ways of accessing such places. Supplying adequate goods will be the next challenge. The limited accessibility hampers an appropriate supply of goods to the affected people. Additionally, flying helicopters in the air cost a good sum of amount. This means there will be added burden on the financial capability of the state government. This creates the necessity to have adequate funding. For such purpose, the state government will need the support of different private companies to collect the required funding. This is challenging because the cooperative works of the different private companies is never guaranteed. Tracking the affected people is the other challenge. There is a need to have an improved technology to get information on the affected people. IBM had taken such steps to provide support to the local government through Sahana Software; however, it is still challenging. Such software is very rare in practice (Sayers et al., 2013). Likely outcomes The probable outcomes of the response plan for the hypothetical flood scenario can be many provided if it is followed heartedly. If Mithi River is cleaned then this will enhance the capability of the drainage system. Hence, this will improve a better drainage of rain water and thereby will reduce the running off water into the river. If communication is managed properly then this will help the rescue team reach to the affected people. Hence, they will get the required help. This will also reduce the casualties. If all the stakeholders perform up to their expected level then this will not only provide relief to the affected people but this will also reduce the burden from the state government of Mumbai. If technology is used to enhance the tracking of affected people then this will improve the relief work. This will also provide relief to the state government (Papathanasiou, Makropoulos Mimikou, 2013). They are tested during such times. Additionally, flood in Mumbai is a very frequen t phenomenon. There is a need of a technology to enhance the relief capabilities of both the local government and the different other stakeholders. If the drainage system is efficient then even if it is there a heavy rainfall, this will not create issues to the administration and to the local public also. There is a need to make people aware of the probable disasters that might be there in their places. If they are communicated properly either through news channels or the newspapers, they might get significant time to make better arrangements for them (Hoggart et al., 2014). Recommendations The response plan against the hypothetical situation of flood in Mumbai has thrown lights on many facts such as the challenges of relief works during such times. There is a challenge to communicate with the affected people. There is a challenge to access the affected region. Despite the mentioned and the several other challenges it can be answered with effective remedial actions. However, it requires a huge support of the local state government. It also requires the supports of different stakeholders such as the NGOs and the volunteers. Above all those, there is a need of sufficient funds, which will be required to clean the Mithi River. Funds will also be required to supply goods to the affected region through different transporting means such as helicopters. There is a necessity to put strict obligations on the local citizens for not throwing their wastages casually. However, this is challenging because it requires a repairing in a wider area. The one recommendation to be protected from the frequent floods in Mumbai will be to clean the Mithi River on a regular basis. They should also widen the area of the river. This will help the drainage system to improve further. Nevertheless, poor drainage system is the one vital cause behind the frequent floods in Mumbai. References Berke, P., Cooper, J., Aminto, M., Grabich, S., Horney, J. (2014). Adaptive planning for disaster recovery and resiliency: an evaluation of 87 local recovery plans in eight states.Journal of the American Planning Association,80(4), 310-323. Bozorgi-Amiri, A., Jabalameli, M. S., Al-e-Hashem, S. M. (2013). A multi-objective robust stochastic programming model for disaster relief logistics under uncertainty.OR spectrum,35(4), 905-933. Chan, N. W. (2015). Impacts of disasters and disaster risk management in malaysia: The case of floods. InResilience and Recovery in Asian Disasters(pp. 239-265). Springer Japan. Eldho, T. I., Jothiprakash, V. (2012). Study of spatio-temporal varaitions of rainfall pattern in Mumbai city, India.Journal of Environmental Research And Development Vol,6(3). Hoggart, S. P. G., Hanley, M. E., Parker, D. J., Simmonds, D. J., Bilton, D. T., Filipova-Marinova, M., ... Trifonova, E. (2014). The consequences of doing nothing: the effects of seawater flooding on coastal zones.Coastal Engineering,87, 169-182. Johnson, C., Bosher, L., Adekalan, I., Jabeen, H., Kataria, S., Wijitbusaba, A., ... Arefian, F. (2013). Private sector investment decisions in building and construction: increasing, managing and transferring risks.A background paper produced by development planning unit (DPU). University College London, for the United Nations National Strategy on Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR), Global Assessment Report for Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR13). Prepared for Bina Desai and Andrew Maskrey. Joshi, A., Aoki, M. (2014). The role of social capital and public policy in disaster recovery: A case study of Tamil Nadu State, India.International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction,7, 100-108. McDougall, K. (2012). An assessment of the contribution of volunteered geographic information during recent natural disasters. Papathanasiou, C., Makropoulos, C., Mimikou, M. (2013, June). An innovative approach to floods and fire risk assessment and management: The flire project. InProc. 8th International Conference of EWRA" Water Resources Management in an Interdisciplinary and Changing Context", 26th-29th June. Pearson, L. (2012). Early warning of disasters: Facts and figures.SciDev. Net, November,21. Peres, E. Q., Brito Jr, I., Leiras, A., Yoshizaki, H. (2012). Humanitarian logistics and disaster relief research: trends, applications, and future research directions. InProc. of the 4th International Conference on Information Systems, Logistics and Supply Chain(pp. 26-29). Ramkrishna, S. S., Chaudhari Pravin, S. (2014). Evaluation of Non-structural and Structural Flood Management Measures.Evaluation,1(2). Sayers, P., Yuanyuan, L., Galloway, G., Penning-Rowsell, E., Fuxin, S., Kang, W., ... Le Quesne, T. (2013). Flood risk management: A strategic approach. Singare, P. U. (2012). Studies on accumulation of NBDSW in Mithi River of Mumbai.Asian Journal of Environment and Disaster Management,4(3). Tarlock, A. D. (2012). United States flood control policy: The incomplete transition from the illusion of total protection to risk management. Wan, Z., Hong, Y., Khan, S., Gourley, J., Flamig, Z., Kirschbaum, D., Tang, G. (2014). A cloud-based global flood disaster community cyber-infrastructure: Development and demonstration.Environmental modelling software,58, 86-94.

The Color of Water free essay sample

The book uncovers how the main character Ruth, dealt with her negative memories of her past experience and how she was able to become a strong individual. In addition, in a Time magazine article â€Å"Intermarried.. with Children,† by Jill Smolowe and Greg Aunapu, explores how other families deal with interracial marriages. In the Social Science Quarterly there is an article, â€Å"Racial/Ethnic Identification of Children of Intermarried Couples† where the author reflects on how biracial families form their identity. Issues like interracial marriage as shown in the Time magazines article and loss of identity are relatable to â€Å"The Color of Water. â€Å"The Color of Water† written by James McBride is about a Jewish, white woman named Ruth who married two African-American men and had eight children in the first marriage and four in the second marriage. Their story is told through Ruth eighth child James. James had a conflict trying to understand why his mother was white and he was black. We will write a custom essay sample on The Color of Water or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ruth refuses to tell her children about her past, because she wants them to believe that everyone is equal and fears they will think differently if they hear about her past. She did not want them to learn how hurtful racism could be. The Color of Water† begins with Ruth telling her son that she is dead. Ruth’s family has told her she was dead in their eyes because she went against their religion by marrying a black man. Her family disowned her because she did not marry a Jewish man and she went against all orthodox rules. Ruth’s contradictions confused her children when they were younger, but they grew into adults that better understood the hurtful side of racism and what their mother dealt with. They appreciate their mother’s experiences since she dealt with both racism and religious prejudice. Even though she was white, her own family had been evil to her. Ruth’s name changes three times in the book. First it is Rachul Dwajra Zylska which was her Hebrew name, then her name became Rachel Deborah Shilsky which was the name given to her when she came to America, and then when her family disowned her she became Ruth McBride Jordan which was her married name. McBride is the last name of the first husband and Jordan of the latter. In â€Å"The Color of Water†, James felt as an outcast during his childhood years because he did not resemble his mother and most of his classmates resembled their parents. However, James always had various questions to ask his mother about their background but Ruth was never the type of person to have an open discussion about her past. Some of her children grew up confused, some of them sided with their African-American side, and some didn’t question their background. Not having an open discussion with one’s children about one’s heritage can increase the chances of the child not being educated on their heritage. This also conflicts to them not accepting their heritage. Due to this, some children tend to have negative experiences when dealing with peers who do not accept children of color or mixed race. It is important to educate one’s child of their background so that the child can better handle their peers and the pressures that come with dealing with race and society. The Time magazine article â€Å"Intermarried.. with Children,† by Jill Smolowe and Greg Aunapu examines some of the increasing number in the United States of racial, ethnic and religious barriers people have before starting a life together. In past and current events families and their children have been threatened because of being integrated. According to the article in 1963 a family of Jewish and black descent had to get bodyguards because their children of â€Å"mixed ancestry caused near riots at their public school. † The homes of interracial families have reportedly been targets of hate crimes by members of their communities who do not accept mixed race households. According to the â€Å"The Color of Water† â€Å"James and his siblings were often the sole black students in school, and suffered from the prejudice of the white world. James discovered jazz during this period of life, embracing it as an escape from painful realities. He continued to try to resolve the dilemma of his race, frequently with frustrating results. His mother dodged the issue, occupying her children with â€Å"free cultural and artistic activities in the city. †(76) According to Ruth’s technique of avoiding the issue of James pain, the outcome only increased to James becoming negligent with himself while dealing with his mother refusal to give him a clear understanding of the issue. In â€Å"The Color of Water† the author had mentioned a negative experience his mother went through during her childhood years. As a child Ruth had dealt with prejudice against Jews in Suffolk, Virginia. In addition, to being threatened by people who were racist towards Jewish people she was also sexually abuse by her father. This is a common issue that some people face in their lives; in which there are various negative outcomes that some people would prefer to deal with their pain. For instance, some people may have very low self-esteem, or may have suicidal thoughts, drug or alcohol abuse etc. Although Ruth had a difficult childhood, she did have a moment when she had low self-esteem due to all the negative things that occurred in her life, and with that she was capable of overcoming those obstacles. James McBride’s search for his racial identity intensified during adolescence. While his older siblings were earning college degrees, McBride out of all his siblings rebelled the most. He ended up on a street corner, hanging out with punks and stealing. His mother sent him to his sister, Jackie’s house. James was hanging out with people who had nothing better to do with their time While In their company, something finally clicked and he realized the street corner was a dead end. James suffered while searching for his identity. During his adolescence, he went through a period of uncertainty and anxiety it turned self-destructive. Although Ruth dealt with her negative memories of her past experience, she overcame it and was able to become a strong individual. Ruth believed that her own children should experience more freedom that she did. However, â€Å"she accorded with her parents belief in the value of hard work, which she passed on to her children by reinforcement and example. † (98) She encouraged her children to embrace discipline and diligence from a young age. When James realized this about this mother he decided to approach his identity issue another way. James returned to high school, went on to college, and became a journalist. In the Social Science Quarterly there is an article, â€Å"Racial/Ethnic Identification of Children of Intermarried Couples† where the author reflects on how biracial families form their identity. According to the article children of biracial families tend to suffer the most of identity issues while growing. Children of African American and white couples are least likely to be identified as white, while children of Asian American and white couples are most likely to be identified as white. Intermarried couples in which the minority spouse is male, native born, or has no white ancestry are more likely to identify their children as minorities than are those in which the minority spouse is female, foreign born, or has part white ancestry. In addition, neighborhood minority concentration increases the likelihood that biracial children are identified as minorities. Like McBride and his siblings they all identified with their African American side of the race than with the white race. They grew up in Red Hook Brooklyn a predominantly African American neighborhood. They went to African American churches. Their mother raised them to identify with the African American community. Still, James identity was an issue because of the color of his mother skin. According to the article it is best to deal with children identity issues from a young age in order not to cause any confusion to them when they become adults. The title â€Å"The Color of Water† is significant because it shows that it does not matter what color you are and while as a child James asked his mother â€Å"what color is God† and Ruth tells her son that God is neither black nor white, he is the color of water, the perfect analogy. McBride’s recounting of his mother’s life helped him answer questions about race and identity that had troubled him his whole life because he realized how hard his mother’s life really was after he looked back at all the things she did. McBride perceives the historical events as continuing battles of race and his family was ones of the families that had to go through the racial battle. Ruth made her children get summer jobs and after-school jobs, and as they grew up, Ruth had high expectations for their careers. She supported them and was considered a strong, brave, independent single mother after her second husband’s death. This is what made Ruth a strong positive person by her positive attitude and strength to move forward with her life and holding high expectations for her children. This is what helped James move on and just live life, because his mother instilled in him values that go beyond race. Bibliography McBride, James. The Color of Water: A Black Mans Tribute to His White Mother. New York: Riverhead Books, 1996. Print. Qian, Zhenchao. Options: Racial/Ethnic Identification Of Children Of Intermarried Couples. Social Science Quarterly (Blackwell Publishing Limited) 85. 3 (2004): 746-766. Academic Search Complete. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. Smolowe, JillAunapu, Greg. Intermarried With Children. Time 142. 21 (1993): 64. MAS Ultra School Edition. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. The Color of Water Literary Research Paper Grecia Olivares-Diaz English 209-Section 001 – Children’s Literature Professor Adero-Zaire R. Green December 19, 2012 The Color of Water free essay sample Discuss the significance of the title for booth speak and the color of water? He significance of the title of speak Is literally what Its shouting out, It says Its about a kid who learns to speak up for him/herself . And the color of water the title Is a metaphor meaning that something that has no color Like water because It reflects from the sky. For example In the book James asks Ruth what color god Is she answers that god Is no color he Is the color of water and water does not have a color so he Is neither white, black, or any other; he has no color. )what Is a prominent theme for the color of water? How does It parallel the message In speak? He prominent theme for the color of water Is that no matter the color of your skin or yours or your family past. We will write a custom essay sample on The Color of Water or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You will always be family even If they arena your parents they will love a there own. And also motivate your self to figure things out. And never let the past bring your feet forget the past and let It add to your success and make you stronger. Just Like In speak Melinda didnt let her past ruin her future. She fog and recovered. Keep moving forward and never look back. By Mooney 2)how does the setting contribute to the struggle of identity within the novel?How 3) what traits does James inherit from his mother? Which of these traits are most admirable for helpful in his personal Journey? The significance of the title of speak is literally what its shouting out, it says its about a kid who learns to speak up for him/herself . And the color of water the title is a metaphor meaning that something that has no color like water because it reflects from the sky. For example in the book James asks Ruth what color god is she answers hat god is no color he is the color of water and water does not have a color so he is 5)what is a prominent theme for the color of water? Owe does it parallel the message in speak? The prominent theme for the color of water is that no matter the color of your skin or yours or your family past. You will always be family even if they arena your parents they will love a there own. And also motivate your self to figure things out. A nd never let the past bring your feet forget the past and let it add to your success and make you stronger. Just like in speak Melinda didnt let her past ruin her future.

Advanced Selling Strategies †Business 500 Level Book Summary

Advanced Selling Strategies – Business 500 Level Book Summary Free Online Research Papers Advanced Selling Strategies–Business 500 Level Book Summary Most sales success comes from the mind. Performance is a function of attitude, skills and action. By accepting complete responsibility, we undertake our own creative force and end up making things happen. The intensity to produce results creates results, which feeds the desire to create more results. There are seven mental laws of selling. The Great Law, or of cause and effect; Compensation, or of sowing and reaping; Control, which affects feelings; Belief, and with emotion creates reality; Concentration, with which what is dwelled upon grows and expands in the mind; Attraction, where you attract similar minded people; Correspondence, where your outer mind is a mirror of the inner mind. There are seven exercises to achieve mental fitness. These are positive: self talk, self imaging, mental food, people, training and development, health habits, and positive actions. Salespeople should always perform an analysis of there strengths and weaknesses and at the same time ensure their mission statements match their values and beliefs. The biggest fear of selling is the fear of rejection. Conversely, the biggest fear of buying is the fear of failure – people don’t like to be criticised or question by their friends. Everyone wants to be a Mr. or Mrs. Jones, so why look different, save the embarrassment. And everyone who has a negative buying experience files the experience away to further fuel more anger and resentment the next time. Which is why there are so many buyer reactions, but most of them could be categorized into specific sets. The critical factor in selling today is to help people reduce their perceived exposure to risk. Risk increases with the size of the sale and becomes directly apparent to a buyer in direct proportion to their unfamiliarity with the sales person. Therefore successful salespeople position their products as the low risk product, but before they do this, they build trust with buyers. Salespeople need to ‘relieve the tension’. So, rather than the old dog style of selling, today 40% of the sales process is building trust, 30% diagnosis, 30% presenting and closing (or closing while presenting). Listening is everything. God gave us two ears and one mouth so we could use them in that proportion in order to help us to learn how to trust each other. Listening develops character, and is a self discipline which must be practiced. Listening means listening attentively, and practicing how to shut up (especially when asking for the sale) and learning to pause before replying. Seven steps towards relationship building include: never criticising, never complain, never condemn, always approve, accept and appreciate with admiration the beliefs and opinions of clients. And, give them the attention and agreement they need from you. Building MEGA CREDIBILITY means everything counts. Every piece of evidence that proves a clients delight with the company or sales person must be recorded as precisely, concisely and clearly as possible. Photos, highlighted letters, testimonials etc, must be maintained in a presentation format for future customers to absorb before the sales person even starts talking about his/her product. When it comes to people buying from you, there seems to be a Law of Duality, of primary and secondary, of reasons that sound good and the real more subtle hidden reasons. Find the secondary reasons then you’ve found the green ‘hot’ button to trigger the client to buy from you. A salesperson should think like a doctor and ask, â€Å"Where does it hurt†? The goal is to take the pain away, do the deeds that solve the most pressing needs. This means discovering the both the primary positive motivators, and really working on that one big green button on his chest. We must remember our clients make most of their judgments about us within the first four seconds of meeting us. It’s almost as if their final judgments of us are made in those four seconds. And they certainly confirm those judgments as soon as we open our mouths. So leave nothing to chance dress, smile, smell, appear, time, stand perfectly before the client. Prospecting is the filling of the sales pipeline. One good way to fill the pipeline is to examine past clients: what do they all have in common that made them buy from you in the first place? What are they all attempting to avoid or achieve? When phone prospecting, the first objective is simply to sell an appointment (to get ten minutes of time to meet face to face). A well formulated opening statement such as the idea, benefit or result of what is being sold must be developed, such as, â€Å"would you be interested in a 100% written guarantee that your property will be sold for the highest possible price and without costing you absolutely any money in the process?†. Never tell over the phone how this is done, simply ask for the time to show how it’s done. Presenting in sales is made easier by examining and diagnosing the client first. But the sale is made in the presentation too, which means although the presentation makes only a fraction of the effort required to win the sale, the effort to win in the presentation is made easier by the understanding the green hot button needs of the client first. It means simply â€Å"Gap Analysis† – be the detective that finds the problem, then let’s the client feel how wide that gap is, and how you’re going to bridge that gap with a solution. The most important element of presenting is simply this: never say a thing if you can ask it. Telling is not selling. A salesperson telling may not be wrong; it’s just that it’s coming from the wrong person (the salesperson). The client should discover the solution for themselves. Use open ended questions to open up conversation, use closed ended questions to narrow the conversation to a concluding close. It’s important to listen to the customer’s unspoken words. Why should I listen to you? What is it? What’s in it for me? So what? Who says so? Who else has done it? The key is mega credibility, such as photos of delighted clients sticking sold stickers on their For Sale boards with their agency’s team. Closing is likened to golf, you ‘drive for show, but you putt for dough’. And objections from the customer are not a bad sign. Objections are good, they indicate interest and you should be excited to receive them. Objections should be received with an acknowledgement and respect of the customers’ feelings and opinions. All objections could be categorised into six groups: price, performance, follow-up service, competition, support, warranties and assurances. Answers to these groups should be bullet proof. Early objections must be found and answered immediately, preferably before the launch of a presentation. It’s no good having these objections rattling around in the minds of prospects during the presentation. Always handle objections diplomatically, such as, â€Å"obviously you have a good reason for saying that. Do you mind if I ask what it is?† Objections are the rungs on the ladder of success. As prospects hesitate or procrastinate the question needs to be asked, â€Å"There seems to be some question in your mind that’s causing you to hesitate about getting started with us today. Do you mind if I ask what it is?† These type of questions need to asked until the client has exhausted all his/her objections. Then it could be said, â€Å"With us now understanding all the facts, would you be ready to go ahead now†? And where people have to refer the decision to a higher authority, â€Å"rather than waste your time tomorrow, let’s makes that a condition of providing our service to you. We’ll write than up exactly as you want to, subject to you speaking with xxx, and at least that way, when won’t be wasting each others time having to go over every all over again another day, you wouldn’t want to have to do that would you?† Sometimes the client simply feel (or thinks) he/she cannot reveal the reasons to not going ahead. So that’s where we use reverse psychology. We get up and leave. We leave them, just get up and say thanks for your time, and say, â€Å"It would really help me with my other customer if I know exactly where I went wrong in my presentation to you.† Some good closes for the how much question include, â€Å"that’s the best part, if we’re not exactly right for you at anytime, then there is no charge†! Keeping in mind that to some clients price is the major factor, so, â€Å"Is price your only concern†, and â€Å"Are you going to make a decision in this areas solely on the basis of price’? Also ask, â€Å"How much too much does it cost?† Followed by, â€Å"isn’t it true you probably get what you paid for†? And â€Å"did you ever get anything cheap that turned out to be good†? Then close with, would you let us handle everything from here† AND remain silent, shut up, locks eyes with the client and remain zipped for easily over five minutes is you have too. Some errors when closing include: arguing, personal opinions, knocking the competition, overselling and assuming too much authority. Some obstacles include: negative expectations, lack of sincerity, being on completely different wavelengths or just simply a personality clash. Buying signals include the client asking for more technical or for finer details about service. The customer’s body language may change to the tea kettle position (that’s a new one) and chin rubbing. Perhaps the client will start calculating numbers or suddenly become friendly. What ever the indications, these are ‘yes’ statements, so they need to be seized upon, that is what the client is asking for. And that basically covers what I found most compelling from chapters one to ten. Finally, â€Å"What’s past is prologue† (Shakespeare). Research Papers on Advanced Selling Strategies - Business 500 Level Book SummaryIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThree Concepts of PsychodynamicAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanThe Project Managment Office SystemResearch Process Part OneComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on Children

Corporate Governance and Global Financial Ethics Essay

Corporate Governance and Global Financial Ethics - Essay Example By conducting a thorough review of the organisation’s management, through the examination of performance, records and statements; auditing allows for identification of pitfalls and their consequent rectification thereby facilitating maximization of shareholder’s value. Auditing usually occurs at the internal and external levels. The internal audit is conducted by an audit team that is part of the organisation, which reports to senior management team of the organisation. External auditors on the other hand report to the organisation’s shareholders with the main purpose being to improve the validity and reliability of the internal audit outcomes. Internal audit serves just as an important function to the shareholders as external auditing does. The process identifies organisational outcomes thereby facilitating the development of a framework and mechanisms through which organisational processes can be restructured and made more effective to facilitate the attainment of organisational objectives. However, in order to achieve this goal, the internal audit process must itself be an effective one. The effectiveness of internal auditing can be maintained by adhering to particular codes of conduct. One of the most important factors for effective auditing is that it must be independent from the activities and operations that it evaluates (CIIA, 2014). The CIIA prescribes that to facilitate the independence of the internal auditing team; the chief internal auditor should serve at a senior capacity within the organisation (2013). Such a position furnishes him/her with the standing and authority to challenge the executive. Moreover, th e CIIA further contends that the audit team should have access to all managerial decision-making forums (2013). The independence of the internal audit team is facilitated by the recruitment of independent individuals. Such

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Essay Example Some scholars have argued that this legislative framework is too intrusive, that corporate fraud ought to be managed through market mechanisms rather than intrusive governmental agencies, and that the Act is more political than helpful (Ribstein, 2005). Other scholars concede the intrusive effects of the Act, but argue instead that the main policy objectives, such as curtailing corporate fraud and improving transparency, are enhanced by the Act (Cunningham, 2003). This essay will argue that, given the nature and the scale of the scandals that have occurred in the absence of such legislation, corporations ought to be compelled to comply with the Act; in order to more fully develop this thesis, this essay will present the type of abuse which led to the legislation, an overview of the main provisions of the Act, and an analysis of the conflicting opinions regarding the efficacy of the Act. In the Enron case, a major employer that was deemed financially stable and a model of sound business practices collapsed suddenly and dramatically. This was a company with billions in annual revenues, well-respected by a broad spectrum of the public, and politically well-connected. Its collapse was subsequently described as the result of deliberate and conscious decisions, by both Enron's management and by its outside accounting firm, to engage in accounting fraud (Fox, 2003). In short, corporate liabilities were understated or hidden and corporate assets were inflated or misrepresented. The public had been lied to, the investors had been lied to, and a great many people were injured when the company was finally forced into bankruptcy. A similar case involved WorldCom, at one time the second most significant long-distance telephone service provider in the United States, which engaged in fraudulent accounting practices in order to misrepresent its true financial condition to banks, c reditors, and other investors (Jeter, 2003). This didn't merely involve creative accounting; quite the contrary, WorldCom entered fictional transactions into its accounting records. When the weakened financial structure could no longer be hidden, the company filed for one of the largest bankruptcy cases in America history. In the final analysis, both of these cases illustrate the types of problems that the Act was designed to minimize. 1.2 An Overview of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 As a preliminary matter, the most significant feature of the Act was its creation of a governmental agency to oversee corporate accounting and financial practices. This agency is now known as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. The focus is on publicly traded companies, rather than privately held forms of business organization, and the scope of the agency's power is broad. It is vested with rulemaking authority, with disciplinary powers, and with enforcement authority. In short, this agency is possessed of the same powers as the United States government-legislative, judicial, and executive-with respect to the accounting practices of public companies. Thus, it can be argued that the legislation has created a private government for public companies. An examination of the particular provisions of the Act further demonstrates the

Rapid Response to Natural Disasters

Rapid Response to Natural Disasters Rapid Response[c1] One of the most important features of logistic support management is a quick response following a natural disaster. With the recent improvement of information technology, the logistical operation has been able to be conducted on time and the delivery of the required materials to the victims has been more efficient than ever. A rapid response towards the natural disaster is crucial in order to minimize the damage being done and also reduce the number of lives lost, especially in the aftermath, which could be due to lack of medical coverage or insufficient food or water. This is why transportation method such as land, air and water transport is the most important before, during and after the disasters struck. In providing a rapid response towards a disaster, there come certain challenges with it such as[1]; Relocating critical equipment and commodities when a disaster warning is given Relocating[c2] the critical equipment and commodities needs to be carefully structured and planned as it needs to as far away as possible from the disaster location, to be completely safe from its effect radius. But it needs to be as close as possible to the disaster in order to provide a quick relief to those who are affected by the disaster. (suggestion buat assessment tentang disaster effect radius, and put away from that radius) Evacuation plans If[c3] a disaster struck a nation in all of a sudden, the people will all be still in the location and facing the disaster as it happens. This kind of situation will require a perfect evacuation plan as it involves a massive chaos and difficult to get things done in order. A chaotic situation is an already badly struck location will cause further damage and an increasing number of loss as it hastens the process of rescuing the people and providing an effective disaster aid. (suggestion – training and educating people about evacuating safely and in order. Rehearsal) Clearing path for the movement of people and materials after the disaster Related[c4] to the evacuation plans is the path or road being used to move the people out of the disaster area, as it might not be as in good condition as it were before. It might be congested with traffic of the people wanted to get out of the area, or full of rubbles from the destructions of the buildings and facilities, or being filled with mudslides or submerged in floodwater. These are the problems faced when a disaster relief operation is trying to provide a rapid response towards a disaster. (suggestion ) Method and procedures in the movement of casualties As[c5] a disaster struck, it normally causes a lot of casualties, with most of them involving major injuries that may lead to death. As rapid response is aiming towards reducing the number of death, it requires a proper management in terms of the method and procedures of dealing with the casualties. Not all personnel involved in the disaster aid relief operation are well trained with the procedures as it also involves volunteers from around the world. Though their intention is good, it may also hasten the process and thus the effort of trying to provide rapid response in diminished. (suggestion – provide more training for volunteering bodies around the world of a standard operating procedure and methods being used) Bringing in rescue and repair team, together with their facilities and equipment Transport In the event of a disaster, the resources needed as part of a relief operation must be transported to the affected area as quickly as possible to attend to the casualties and also reduce the number of death and prevent further damages to that area. But providing the amount of transport for all that in such a short time is a big challenge as part of the logistic support group. It is key to use whatever transportation left in the affected area, especially as bigger and better transport from outside is being delayed with the route being cut off as a result of the disaster. And getting the cooperation from the agencies, companies or any organization with any method of transportation is also a challenge as it might involve funds, assets and other matters that need time to be coordinated. (suggestion deal with local organizations, agencies or companies as part of their own disaster plan) (suggestion – create a networking system between all agencies and organizations for cooperation in terms of transportation to increase the efficiency of the relief operations) Coordination and Collaborations Dealing with the event of a natural disaster, it is hard for the affected nation to handle the matter on its own, as their system is crippled and the organization is in chaos. This is why it will need help and support from other nation, especially their neighboring countries or member countries of a regional organization. During a disaster relief, part of the logistic matter is moving and distributing the commodities in as short time as possible to the victims, and this normally involves huge transportation coordination and is a very expensive matter. And certain processes or procedures are too complex to be used in such a critical time where everything needs to be done in such a short space of time. (suggestion – more detailed cooperation between member countries of any organization must be made (OIC, NAM, etc.), not focusing only on regional organization. Better coordination brings better process standardization – better cooperation and better results) (suggestion – information sharing on the critical needs, then easier to coord) Undestanding Environments For the coalition or regional organization, a disaster relief operation mostly involves working in a very different environment and also limited to several constraints. For example, in a disaster that involves conflicts, the distribution and transportation of goods might not be as smooth as it should be. Even with good conditioned roads and transport vehicles, they might me susceptible to attacks, ambushes or mines. Their supply center and relief workers might also be targets for these attacks, which might hamper the process of reaching out to the victims. Political situation might also pose a problem to the success of the relief operation as different groups tries to take advantage of distribution process in the name of their own organization for political gains. Though it has nothing to do with the disaster relief operation organization, it does hamper the initial objective of delivering the goods as quickly as possible to the right community. (suggestion – local capabilities must be identified, as the utilization of their capcities will provide benefits to the relief operation. must identify mana proses yg boleh cepat, mana yg akan lambat. Siapa yg boleh tolong, siapa yg akan menyusahkan.) Sustenance Support Even though the initial support or relief is crucial in saving lives and minimizing damages, it needs to be sustained for a longer period of time in order for it to be completely functioning as it is supposed to be. Resupplies must be coordinated so that the right amount is delivered, as it might vary from the initial quantity and specifications, as adjustments on the commodities are being made from time to time. (suggestion – after receiving the initial support, local authorities must work out the on adjustments and on providing resupplies. Not totally depending on supports from others only.) Packaging xxx (suggestion The aspect of the logistic support that must be given the importance is the Packaging of commodities. Handling equipment, determine the bulk of the unit package should be done accurately as to protect it from damaging. However, Storage and transport circumstances determine the strength of the package unit. For example medicines in plastic bottles survive rough road transport. Other related aspect that should be kept in mind is Shelf-life Climate, Spoilage, Pest resistance (FEMA, 2013, NDMA, 2010). Protecting Important Provisions After the episode of disaster large-scale, relief logistics require consistent and sustained supplies of critical and fast-moving products such as fuel, oil, lubricants, tires, and essential spare parts. In addition, expansion of an operation requires shipments of high value specialist equipment. The time of disaster condition is critical any need may rise therefore before during and after the disaster the protection, handling and provision of the related supplies must be done carefully, such as; Fuel import, refining, and storage, Materials handling and storage at ports , Unloading and bagging equipment, container handling, and secure Storage, Handling and storage at Airport , Storage at developing regional airfields, local assembly and secure packing of tires and spares parts ( UNDP, 2006; NDMA, 2010). Security Time taken to get clearance or permission will cause delay. Commercial airfields ports might be damaged as a result from the disaster. So need to use unconventional ways such as military infrastructure as nearest point of entry. This will need special clearance requires more time to get permissions Security arrangements should be reviewed as soon as the disaster hits. Access to some routes and airfields may be destructed to reach the location or clearance and permits may be needed by the logistic supply teams, especially in emergencies. Hence, Arrangements should be made to obtain the relevant documents before, rather than after, the onset of a disaster (Iqbal et al., 2007; UNDP, 2006). Distribution Distribution of products to victims at the disaster location is distinct from transport and handling bulk package of commodities. The assignment of distribution is commonly decentralized to a distinct agency. It includes the physical and non-physical transfer or distribution from their point of production to the point at which they made available to the victims. The effectiveness of distribution systems depends largely on how recipients are selected and identified in the first place. Often this is a complex and highly political activity, over which external implementing agencies has only limited influence (UNDP, 2006). Bibliography United Nation Development Program (UNDP). (2006). Logistics: Disaster Management Training Program. New York. [1] UNDP. (2006) [c1]Dah siap rephrase [c2]Yang nombor (i) semua chong sendiri..nak kena bubuh reference ke? [c3]Yang nombor (i) semua chong sendiri..nak kena bubuh reference ke? [c4]Yang nombor (i) semua chong sendiri..nak kena bubuh reference ke? [c5]Yang nombor (i) semua chong sendiri..nak kena bubuh reference ke?

America’s Failing Public Schools: Charter Schools Are Not the Solution

America’s Failing Public Schools: Charter Schools Are Not the Solution    It was with wild fanfare that the state’s Republican legislature and Republican Governor enacted their reforms for the state’s public school system. Among the panaceas was charter schools, a ‘90s education fad that gives individual parents the right to send their children to state-approved public charter schools at public expense. Politicians reasoned that less-bureaucratic charter schools would teach students better than traditional public schools because charter schools wouldn’t be subject to the same mandates that the state had heaped upon public schools. Furthermore, traditional schools would be forced to compete with charter schools as they lured thousands of students and millions of dollars away from traditional public schools. Competition from charter schools would then lead to all-around better schools in the state as traditional public schools improved themselves to remain competitive with the cutting-edge charter schools. The charter school program aimed to allocate educational resources via market mechanism by shifting towards freedom of contract. However, the plan unfairly mixes individual decision making with the expenditure of public tax dollars. Moreover, the competition through which legislators sought to improve education throughout state schools has failed to materialize as students enrolled in Michigan charter schools remain a drop in the bucket. In this paper, I will show how the charter school movement represents a limited shift towards freedom of contract and explain why this shift is unfair to the taxpayers of the state of Michigan. Further, I will argue that the market mechanism has not yet become a factor in public educa... ... other today, but as the numbers indicate, an effective market for K-12 education is a long way off. Personally, I do not believe that the salvation lies in charter schools or an individualist approach to educating children. Instead, I think it takes a village, or even the entire state, to come together as a community and reach consensus on ways to improve the existing educational infrastructure in the state, i.e., traditional public schools. Granted, needs are not the same across the board, but there are innovative programs that have worked in some areas that could be successfully repeated in other areas. Competition is not the salvation. Cooperation is the means by which we will improve schools in Michigan. In the words of one Michigan educator, â€Å"We should not waste our time implementing schools of choice, we should work to create choice schools in Michigan.†

The Major Profitability Ratios

The major profitability ratios are: 1. 1. 1. 1RETURN ON CAPITAL: Describes the earning capacity of the enterprise and it is measured by the following ratio: Profit before interest and taxation Average operating Assets The Return On Capital ratio measures how well the average operating assets (assets such as debtors, cash, fixed assets, stock) are generating the company s income, and is indicative of the management techniques applied by the company to utilise its assets. A poor income rate of return could indicate that valuable assets are under utilised.As a result of this problem, an enterprise, which shows a negative Return on capital could be under the influence of poor management. The earning capacity of XYZ Limited for 1998 and 1999 |Ratio|2000|1999|1998|Comments| |||||| Return on|||||| Capital|NPBT|100|88|70|| |Av. OA|(286 + 230) 2|(230 + 162) 2|(162 + 144)|Industry ave| ||100 x 100|88 x 100| 2|| ||258|196|70 x 100|| ||38, 76%|44, 9%|153|| ||||45. 7%|| |||||| I N T E R P R E T A T I O N : XYZ Limited s return on capital declined from 45. 7% in 1998 to 44. 9% in 1999.This decrease is mainly due to the increase in assets, but further investigation is required to analyse the extent of this decrease. The decrease continued further from 44. 9% in 1999 to 38. 76% in 2000. Again this decrease is due to an increase in assets. The question that arises therefor is: â€Å"Is this phenomena as a result of mismanagement of assets, or just because XYZ Limited is starting up and still growing? † Additional investigation would be required to analyse the extent of the decrease. 1. 1. 1. 2NET PROFIT RATIO: The primary objective of an enterprise is to make a profit.Profit is earned from sales and serves as an important measure of return of capital. The Net Profit percentage can be measured by the following ratio: Net Profit Sales This Net Profit Ratio measures the overall effectiveness of the enterprise s operations, before interest, tax and other non-â€Å"operati ng† items. The shortfall of this ratio in terms of its effectiveness is perhaps the fact that its usefulness is limited to comparisons with other companies. In addition, there is no guideline as to what the ideal absolute value should be. Changes to the Net Profit % can be influenced by one of two components, viz. – Gross Profit Percentage Operating Expenditure In addition, the percentage of sales consumed by operating expenses (i. e. Gross Profit % – Net Profit %) is often indicative of management efficiency in controlling operating costs. Disciplined management techniques, for example, by cutting costs can lead to two consequences, viz. : – A more profitable enterprise An efficiently operating enterprise The Net Profit % of XYZ Limited is as follows: – Net Profit % Margin|2000|1999|1998| Net Operating Income|100|88|70| Net Sales|900|800|700| |11. 11%|11. 00%|10. 00%| |||| I N T E R P R E T A T I O N :The Net Profit Percentage Margin increased steadily in proportion to the Gross Profit percentage during the horizon of 1998 to 1999 (10% to 11%). This improvement in the enterprise s return on capital indicates that a proportionately greater profit was earned from sales in 1999 that in 1998. The crux of the matter, however, is not yet known whether this improvement is as a result of larger Gross Profit or lower expenses. Further analysis would be required. During the period of 1999 to 2000 the Net Profit Percentage Margin increased by a further 0. 11% (11% in 1999 to 11,11% in 2000).Again this improvement can be ascribe to an improvement in the enterprise s return on capital. And as noted in the previous horizon, it cannot be determined whether this improvement is as a result of larger Gross Profit or lower expenses. Further analysis would be required. 1. 1. 1. 3Gross Profit % Margin Gross Profit % is an indication of the return of the enterprise s core business. The Gross Profit percentage can be measured by the following r atio: Gross Profit Sales The Gross Profit percentage ratio may be difficult to calculate, as many companies do not disclose their Gross Profit figures.This ratio measures the overall profit margin the enterprise is making on the goods it sells. Perhaps a weakness of this ratio is that by disclosing this type of information a company could potentially expose itself to its competitors. Changes in the Gross Profit % can be influenced by the following factors: Change in markup – changes in the selling prices of goods, or possibly trade discounts will have a direct impact on the GP margin. Sales Mix – an enterprise may deal with numerous different products, which have different mark-ups, and as a result, the sales mix will have an influence on Gross Profit % margin.A changing sales mix should be ascertainable from the segment report (if prepared) by the enterprise. Inventory theft – the theft of inventories would cause unequal quantities of inventories to be reflec ted as sales and cost of sales, and will definitely have a negative impact of the GP margin. The Gross Profit % of XYZ Limited is as follows: – Gross Profit Margin|2000|1999|1998| Gross Profit X 100%|300|256|210| Sales|900|800|700| |33. 33%|32. 00%|30. 00%| |||| I N T E R P R E T A T I O N : During the period 1998 to 1999, XYZ Limited s Gross Profit percentage margin increased from 30. 3% in 1998 to 32. 9% in 1999.Changes in Gross Profit from one period to the next may be influenced by an increase in sales volume, but further analysis would be required. During the period 1999 to 2000, XYZ Limited s Gross Profit percentage margin increased by 1,1% (from 32. 0% in 1999 to 33. 3% in 1999). A closer look into the enterprise would be required to analyse the following factors: – Higher selling prices Lower purchasing prices Incorrect inventory counts Stricter prevention or loss control policies For obvious reasons, this type of analysis is only possible if the unit selli ng price and the costs are known. 1. 1. 1. Return on Equity (ROE) Return on Equity is measured by the following ratio: Net Profit After Tax Total Equity Return On Equity (ROE) is an indication of good or bad the shareholders prospered during the year. The objective of any enterprise must be to yield sufficient returns in line with the risks taken on by the owner. In addition, the Return on Equity ratio also gives the investor an idea of the sort of return of investment he/she is achieving. This can be compared with returns on alternative investment opportunities such as savings accounts, gilts, and fixed properties. The ROE of XYZ Limited is as follows: –Return on Equity200019991998 Net Profit After Tax|56|48|33| Total equity|186|154|102| |30. 11%|31. 17%|32. 35%| |||| I N T E R P R E T A T I O N : During 1998 the Return on Equity ratio, as calculated above, indicated that for every rand in equity XYZ Limited generated 32. 35 cents in profit. Also noticeable is that during 19 99 and 2000 this profit was measured as 31,17 and 30. 11 respectively. Apart from the fact that there was a mediocre decline in percentage over the three-year period, nothing signifies that the company is undergoing stress in terms of the ROE figures. Thus no further analysis would be required. . 1. 1. 5Earnings Per Share Describes the earning per share of the entity and it is measured by the following ratio: Earnings Per Share Total Equity Earnings Per Share indicates the value of the company s share as perceived by the market. The higher increase in value, the higher the favourable perception of the enterprise. The EPS of XYZ Limited is as follows: – Earnings Per Share|2000|1999|1998| Net Profit After Tax|56|48|33| Number of Shares Issued|10|10|8| |R5. 60|R4. 80|R4. 13| |||| I N T E R P R E T A T I O N : XYZ Limited s earnings per share favourably increased over the three horizons from R4. 3 (1998), to R4. 80 (1999), to R5. 60 (2000). This steady increase in share value ove r the three-year period is indicative of the higher favourable perception of XYZ Limited s 1. 1. 1. 6P/E Ratio Describes Price/Earnings per share capacity of the entity and it is measured by the following ratio: Price Earnings Per Share Price/Earnings Per Share indicates the internal growth of an enterprise. The P/E ratio also signifies how much investors are willing to pay per rand of current earnings. Furthermore, an increase in P/E usually indicates that an enterprise shows potential for future growth.The P/E Ratio of XYZ Limited is as follows: – P/E ratio|2000|1999|1998| Price per Share|28|20|16| Earnings Per Share|6|5|4| |5. 00|4. 17|3. 90| I N T E R P R E T A T I O N : The Price/Earnings per share for XYZ Limited steadily increased over the horizons of 1998 (3. 90) to 1999 (4. 17); an increase of 0. 27. This increase is healthy for the company as it reflects it as a growing capability. However, since XYZ Limited is in its start-up phase this increase is understandable. The Price/Earnings per share for XYZ Limited, again, steadily increased over the horizons of 1999 (4. 17) to 2000 (5. 00); an increase of 0. 3. What is interesting to note is that this internal growth suggests that perhaps it is one of the contributory factors, which influenced the negative trend in the return of capital and since the company is relative new, growth is inevitable. 1. 1. 2 Liquidity Ratios Liquidity ratios, in essence, measure the ability of the enterprise to pay its bills on time. In other words, the more liquid an enterprise possesses, the more able it would be in terms of paying its bills. In addition, Liquidity ratios also measure the management of a firm s ability to employ working capital. The major liquidity ratios are: Current Ratio Acid-test Ratio Stock Turnover days Creditors payment ratio 1. 1. 2. 1Current Ratio The Current ratio measures the amount of times the company s assets cover its liabilities. Current liabilities consist of creditors who must be paid in cash in the short term. Current assets mainly consist of stock, debtors, and cash. The calculation of the current ratio is as follows: Current Assets Current Liabilities There is no generic rule of thumb about what the figure should be, but generally speaking, an acceptable ratio usually computes between 1 and 2, even though this may vary from industry to industry.The significant thing about the current ratio is that it is used to make comparisons, rather than an absolute measure of liquidity. As a short-term ratio, it makes sense, due to the fact the company s liquidity in the short term depends upon whether it has enough current assets to pay its current liabilities. Another important aspect of the Current Ratio is that it is an important tool for creditors and bank managers (in the case of overdrafts) as signifies that the company can make the commitment to its lenders. The current ratio could also be used in terms of risk management in the event of a negative trend in t his ratio.For example, if the rate at which the company s assets are converted into cash is slower than that of the repayment of the company s creditors, there would be liquidity problems in that enterprise. The Current ratio of XYZ Limited is as follows: – Current Ratio|2000|1999|1998| Current Assets|186|110|22| Current Liabilities|70|36|20| |2. 66 : 1. 0|3. 06:1. 0|1. 10:1. 0| |||| I N T E R P R E T A T I O N : The Current ratio for XYZ Limited during the period 1998 to 1999 increased considerably from 1. 10:1. 0 to 3. 06:1. 0. The poor acid-test ratio in 1998 indicated that the company had experienced problems.This is obviously not the case due to the fact that the enterprise was just starting up. Another observation of this particular horizon is that it signifies that in 1999 the company expanded (grew) substantially since its inception – which contributed to the enormity of the gap. During the period of 1999 to 2000 the current ratio of XYZ Limited expectedly â₠¬Å"levelled-out† from (3. 06: 1. 0) to (2. 66:1. 0); and even though it is still above the industry norm (2:1). Even though this horizon indicates that XYZ Limited has the capabilities of servicing long-term debt and current liabilities, it must still be viewed with caution. 1. 1. 2. Acid Test Ratio The Acid-Test ratio (or sometimes referred to as the Quick ratio) is a more severe form of the current ratio where current assets are readily converted to cash are calculated as a proportion of the current liabilities. The calculation of the Acid-test ratio is as follows: Current Assets – Stock Current Liabilities The Acid-test ratio also compares current assets to current liabilities, but removes stock from the assets, since stock is usually the least liquid of all the assets and the most difficult to convert into cash. This ratio, in fact, gives us a more accurate assessment of the liquidity of the enterprise.A quick ratio of 1:1 would be considered as the norm , but may v ary from industry to industry. The Quick ratio of XYZ Limited is as follows: – Acid Test Ratio|2000|1999|1998| Current assets – Stock|120|70|7| Current Liabilities|70|36|20| |1. 71:1. 0|1. 94:1. 0|0. 35:1. 0| |||| I N T E R P R E T A T I O N : The Current ratio for XYZ Limited during the period 1998 to 1999 increased considerably from 0. 35:1. 0 to 1. 94:1. 0 respectively. The poor acid-test ratio in 1998 is indicative of the fact that the company was in its infancy stage and was probably committed to its lenders.XYZ Limited then somewhat leap-frogged in 1999 to a more favourable position due its debtors recovery. During the period of 1999 to 2000 the quick ratio of XYZ Limited declined marginally from (3. 06: 1. 0) to (2. 66:1. 0) respectively; and even though it is still above the industry norm (1:1). The decrease in XYZ Limited s quick ratio could be ascribed to expansion in operations and growth and even though was still able to meet its short-term commitments. 1. 1. 2. 3Stock turnover days The calculation of the stock turnover days is as follows: Average inventory X 365 Cost of salesThe inventory stock days calculates the sales an enterprise contains in its year-end inventory. The most efficient scenario would be to have no inventory holding, but is impractical, as it would make an enterprise inoperable. It would therefor be considered as a management inventory control policy. The Stock turnover days ratio of XYZ Limited is as follows: – Stock Inventory Turnover Days|2000|1999|1998| Ave inventory X 365|66|40|15| Cost of sales|600|544|490| |40. 15|26. 84|11. 17| I N T E R P R E T A T I O N : It is interesting to note that during the period 1998 and 1999 this figure for the stock turnover days seemingly increased by 25. 7 days (from 11. 17 days in 1998 to 26. 84 days in 1999). This increase in the number of days could be as a result of growth or due to stock holding. XYZ Limited showed an increase in the number of days for the horizon 1 999 (26 days) and 2000 (40 days). This negative trend over this period and the previous horizon could be misleading and potentially indicates that stock piling occurs. It is difficult to assess this condition as the company could be in the process of delivering a huge order or has over stocked in anticipation of sales projection. 1. 1. 2. 4Creditors PaymentsThe calculation of the creditors payments is as follows: Average Creditors X 365 Cost of sales The creditors payments days indicates the period an enterprise uses to pay it s trade collectors. This can potentially give rise to cash discounts by suppliers. The Creditors Payments ratio of XYZ Limited is as follows: – Stock Inventory Turnover Days|2000|1999|1998| Ave Creditor X 365|40|26|20| Cost of sales|600|544|490| |24 days|17days|14days| I N T E R P R E T A T I O N : XYZ Limited showed an increase in the number of days for the horizon 1998 (14 days) and 1999 (17 days). And again during 2000 (24 days).This, however, does n ot signify anything as the company is still able to pay its suppliers in less that 30 days, which suggests an efficient payment process. 1. 1. 3 Leverage Ratios Leverage (Gearing) ratios, in essence, gives the analyst an indication of the sort of debt an enterprise has and how the operations is financed. All leverage ratios will contain long-term debts and short-term debts. This is usually compared with the total assets of the company. Financial institutions and banks are usually keen to know the company s leverage as they are keen to find out how much an enterprise has borrowed and what it can afford to borrow.The major leverage ratios are: 1. 1. 3. 1Debt Ratio The debt ratio is an indicator of all the debt that the company has , to its total assets. The calculation of the debt ratio is as follows: Total liabilities Total assets Due to the accounting equation, it can be generally assumed that the company has financed its assets by the above proportion of â€Å"non-owner† fun ds. â€Å"Owner funds† refers to share capital and retained earnings. Lenders generally stipulate that this ratio should not exceed a certain percentage because it is usually more risky to lend to a company who lacks owners funds (i. . share capital + retained earnings) as apposed to its â€Å"non-owners† funds. Again, the desirable value of this ratio is difficult to evaluate and its usefulness lies in how it compares to the same ratio in other similar companies. The debt ratio of XYZ Limited is as follows: – Debt ratio|2000|1999|1998| Total liabilities|100|76|60| Total assets|286|230|162| |34. 97%|33. 04%|37. 04%| |||| I N T E R P R E T A T I O N : The debt ratio for XYZ Limited during the period 1998 to 1999 decreased marginally from 37. 04% to 33. 04%. this was mainly due to an increase in assets.Due to this effect on leverage, the debt equity ratio caused the return on shareholder s equity to remain fairly constant even though an increase in return on capit al was encountered. During the period of 1999 to 2000 the debt ratio of XYZ Limited increased marginally, suggesting that the company did not have the same profitability as the previous horizon. 1. 1. 3. 2Long-term Debt Ratio The long-term debt ratio is an indicator of only the long-term debt that the company has, to its total assets. The calculation of the long-term debt ratio is as follows: Long-term Debt Total assetsLong term debt is fairly static. Generally lenders do not like to give long-term loans to finance short-term (current assets). They prefer to lend on a long-term basis for items such as fixed assets. The ratio therefor indicates what proportion of the assets has been financed by long-term debt. The debt ratio of XYZ Limited is as follows: – Long-term debt ratio|2000|1999|1998| Long-term debt|30|40|40| Total assets|286|230|162| |10. 49%|17. 39%|24. 69%| |||| I N T E R P R E T A T I O N : The debt ratio for XYZ Limited during the period 1998 to 1999 decreased mar ginally from 24. 9% to 17. 39%. This was mainly due to an increase in total assets. Due to this effect on leverage, the debt equity ratio caused the return on shareholder s equity to remain fairly constant even though an increase in return on capital was encountered. During the period of 1999 to 2000 the debt ratio of XYZ Limited increased significantly mainly due to an increase in total assets and a decrease in long-term debt. What is noticeable in this ratio is that XYZ Limited is not particularly bad for the company. In fact, the company is seemingly doing very well.